Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the differences between mitosis and meiosis

A

Meiosis

  • Only in gametes
  • Recombination of genetic material (generates diversity)
  • Two cell divisions
  • 4 haploid daughter cells
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2
Q

Chromosomes condense

A

Prophase 1

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3
Q

Chromosomes pair up - aligns with the homologue partner. Pair up at the corresponding positions along their full length

A

Prophase 1

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4
Q

Crossing over. Helped by synaptonemal complex

A

Prophase 1

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5
Q

Homologue pairs (not individual chromosomes) line at the plate

A

Metaphase 1

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6
Q

Each chromosome attaches to microtubules from just one pole of the spindle

Orientation is random

A

Metaphase 1

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7
Q

Sister chromatids for each chromosome remain attached

A

Anaphase 1

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8
Q

Homologues pull apart

A

Anaphase 1

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9
Q

Chromosomes arrive at the end of poles

A

Telophase 1

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10
Q

Cytokinesis usually occurs now - forming two daughter haploid cells

A

Telophase 1

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11
Q

What is the separation which occurs during meiosis 1

A

Homologous pairs separate

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12
Q

What is the separation which occurs during meiosis 2

A

Sister chromatids separate

Remember this happens twice as meiosis has produced two cells

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13
Q

Centrosome move apart, spindle forms, spindle microtubules begin to capture chromosomes

A

Prophase 2

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14
Q

Two sister chromatids of each chromosome are captured by microtubules from opposite spindle poles

A

Prophase 2

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15
Q

Chromosomes line up individually along the metaphase plate

A

Metaphase 2

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16
Q

Sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles of the cell

A

Anaphase 2

17
Q

Nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes

A

Telophase 2

18
Q

Chromosomes decondense

A

Telophase 2

19
Q

Cytokinesis splits the chromosomes into two new cells

A

Telophase 2

20
Q

What are the two ways meiosis creates genetic differences

A
  1. Crossing over (prophase 1)
  2. Random orientation of homologue pairs (anaphase 1)
21
Q

How many round of mitosis must a primordial germ cell go through to become oogonia

A

30

22
Q

When does oogonia enter prophase 1

A

By 8th month of intrauterine life

23
Q

When in meiosis 1 completed in a female

A

At ovulation

24
Q

When is meiosis 2 completed in a female

A

If fertilisation occurs

25
Q

What is non-disjunction

A

Failure of chromosome pairs to separate in meiosis 1 or sister chromatids to sperate properly in meiosis 2