Topic 9- Sex Determination and Chromosome Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of Nondisjunction

A

the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis)

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2
Q

What Nondisjunction does

A

failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly

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3
Q

Definition of Pseudoautosomal

A

pseudoautosomal regions, PAR1, PAR2, are homologous sequences of nucleotides on the X and Y chromosomes

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4
Q

What Pseudoautosomal does

A

Homologous sequences of nucleotides on X and Y Chromosome

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5
Q

Definition of Testis-Determining Factor

A

DNA-binding protein (also known as gene-regulatory protein/ transcription factor) encoded by the SRY gene that is responsible for the initiation of male sex determination in therian mammals (placental mammals and marsupials).

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6
Q

What Testis-Determining Factor does

A

responsible for the initiation of male sex determination

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7
Q

Definition of Heterochromatin

A

tightly packed form of DNA or condensed DNA, which comes in multiple varieties.

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8
Q

What Heterochromatin does

A

tightly packed form of DNA

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9
Q

Definition of Spontaneous abortions

A

loss of pregnancy naturally before twenty weeks of gestation

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10
Q

What Spontaneous abortions does

A

loss of pregnancy naturally before twenty weeks of gestation

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11
Q

Definition of Paracentric

A

an inversion that occurs in a single arm of one chromosome and does not involve the centromere

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12
Q

What Paracentric does

A

inversion that occurs in a single arm of one chromosome

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13
Q

Definition of Pericentric

A

an inversion involving the centromere of a chromosome

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14
Q

What Pericentric does

A

involving the centromere of a chromosome

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15
Q

Definition of Robertsonian

A

chromosomal abnormality wherein a certain type of a chromosome becomes attached to another

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16
Q

What Robertsonian does

A

chromosomal abnormality wherein a certain type of a chromosome becomes attached to another

17
Q

Definition of Isochromosomes

A

an unbalanced structural abnormality in which the arms of the chromosome are mirror images of each other

18
Q

What Isochromosomes does

A

unbalanced structural abnormality of chromosome arms

19
Q

Definition of Mosaicism

A

a person has 2 or more genetically different sets of cells in his or her body.

20
Q

What Mosaicism does

A

2 or more genetically different sets of cells