Topic 1 - Introduction to Genetics Flashcards
What is the definition of a Somatic Cell?
the cells in the body other than sperm and egg cells
What does a somatic cell do?
make up all the internal organs, skin, bones, blood and connective tissue
What is the definition of a Centromere?
it is the region where the cell’s spindle fibers attach
What does a centromere do?
helps the cell divide up its DNA during division (mitosis and meiosis)
What is the definition of pharmacogenetics?
Component of genomic medicine that involves using a patient’s genomic information to tailor the selection of drugs used in their medical management.
What does pharmacogenetics do?
provides a more individualized (or precise) approach to the use of available medication in treating patients
What is the definition of Mitosis?
process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division.
What does mitosis do?
equal division of the cell’s content into two daughter cells that have identical genomes.
What is the definition of meiosis?
type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm)
What does meiosis do?
Each diploid cell undergoes two rounds of division to yield four haploid daughter cells — the gametes.
What is the definition of Genomic Integrity?
The structure of DNA
What does Genomic integrity do?
Maintains the structure of DNA
What is the definition of Solenoid?
winding of the DNA helix.
What does Solenoid do?
DNA is compressed into chromatin fibres after the association of DNA-linking histone proteins
What is the definition of Histone Octamer?
the eight-protein complex found at the center of a nucleosome core particle
