Cardiovascular

Answer 1

Hypertensive heart disease

Characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with interstitial fibrosis. Fibrosis extends from perivascular spaces into muscle fascicles.

Question 2

TTC staining

Answer 2

Aka Triphenyltetrazolium chloride

Converted to an insoluble red pigment by mitochondrial dehydrogenases. The extent of color conversion depends upon the availability of viable mitochondria in the stained tissue.

Dehydrogenases may still be present if the there is a short time (<2 hours) between infarction and fixation, as they must be washed from the tissue following reperfusion.

Question 3

In cases of chronic pulmonary venous congestion, . . .

Answer 3

. . . the pulmonary vasculature becomes enlarged and is surrounded by medial hypertrophy and fibrosis.

Question 4

In a patient with recent large bone or rib fracture who suffered pulmonary embolism, biopsy may show. . .

Answer 4

. . . bone marrow embolism

Characterized by hematopoietic islands and fatty material in the affected pulmonary arteries.