U1KA3

Question 1

what is gene expression

Answer 1

term given to protein synethsis

Question 2

what is RNA used for

Answer 2

to copy the genetic code and synthesise proteins from amino acids.

Question 3

Structure of RNA

Answer 3

single stranded, ribose sugar, phosphate and bases adenine w uracil instead of thymine, cytosine w guanine.

Question 4

what are the 3 types of RNA

Answer 4

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 5

What is the first stage of protein synthesis called?

Answer 5

transcription.

Question 6

___ polymerase unwinds the double helix, breaking the _____________ in protein synthesis, then adds complementary _______ nucleotides in a single strand to create the _________

Answer 6

RNA, hydrogen bond, RNA, primary transcript.

Question 7

What does thymine replace w in RNA?

Answer 7

Uracil.

Question 8

what are the coding areas called in the primary transcript?

Answer 8

exons

Question 9

what are the non-coding areas called in the pimrary transcript

Answer 9

introns

Question 10

the _____ are cut out of the primary transcript using enzymes

Answer 10

introns

Question 11

what does it create once introns are cut out?

Answer 11

a short mature mRNA transcript

Question 12

what is alternative splicing

Answer 12

certain genes producing more than one protein, because different enzymes can cut different introns. This results in a different mature mRNA code, therefore a different protein.

Question 13

What is the second stage of protein synthesis called?

Answer 13

translation.

Question 14

Where does translation occur?

Answer 14

the ribosome

Question 15

What are the 3 base group in an mRNA called?

Answer 15

codons

Question 16

What is the tRNA’s job in translation during protein synthesis?

Answer 16

to carry specific amino acids.

Question 17

What are the group of complementary base in tRNA called?

Answer 17

anticodons

Question 18

tRNA carries ________ amino acids to the ribosome of the cell.

Answer 18

specific

Question 19

anticodons bind the the codoms from __ —-> ___ direction.

Answer 19

3’ -___. 5’

Question 20

what is the bond between the amino acids called?

Answer 20

peptide

Question 21

What does a long chain of peptide bonds create?

Answer 21

polypeptide chain.

Question 22

How does protein synthesis stop in the ribosome?

Answer 22

by a stop codon being added.

Question 23

How does protein synthesis start during translation?

Answer 23

start codon

Question 24

The polypeptide is produce as a ____ chain of amino acids.

Answer 24

single

Question 25

What’s the correct shape of a protein?

Answer 25

the polypeptide must be folded into the correct sape.

Question 26

How is the protein held together?

Answer 26

by hydrogen bonds along with other interactions between amino aicds.