132 Flashcards
(28 cards)
primary health care includes:
prevention and treatment of common diseases and injuries basic emergency services referrals to/coordination with other levels of care (such as hospitals and specialist care) primary mental health care palliative and end-of-life care health promotion healthy child development primary maternity care rehabilitation services
key principles of primary health care
Accessibility
– A continuing and organized supply of essential health services is available to all people with no unreasonable geographic or financial barriers.
Public participation
– Individuals and communities have the right and responsibility to be active partners in making decisions about their health care and the health of their communities.
Health promotion
– The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health.
Appropriate technology
– This includes methods of care, service delivery, procedures and equipment that are socially acceptable and affordable.
Intersectoral cooperation
– Commitment from all sectors (government, community and health) is essential for meaningful action on health determinants.
principles of canada health act
Public administration Comprehensiveness Universality Portability Accessibility
key components of a well functioning health care system
Leadership and governance Health information systems Health financing Human resources for health Essential medical products and technology Service delivery
what is primary health care based on
clinical diagnoses and treatment, individually focussed
forces among health systems that override rational-policy making
- a disproportionate focus on specialist curative care,
- fragmentation in a multiplicity of competing programs,
- projects and institutions,
- the pervasive commercialization of health care delivery in poorly regulated systems
objective of canada health act
“to protect, promote and restore the physical and mental well-being of residents of Canada and to facilitate reasonable access to health services without financial or other barriers.“
what is covered under canada health act
- Preventative care
- Medical treatments from primary care providers
- Medications if provided while in hospital
- Access to hospitals
- Dental surgery
- Medically required vision care if provided by physicians
some historical influencing factors
WWI, economic change, political reform, high maternal and infant mortality, infectious disease, and poverty
what was the first insurance plan in 1945
tommy douglas
inequity
unfair, avoidable differences arising from poor governance, corruption or cultural exclusion
inequality
uneven distribution of health or health resources as a result of genetic or other factors or the lack of resources
distributive justice
concerns the nature of a socially just (even) allocation of goods. In other words, everyone gets the same piece of the pie.
what is population health
measured by health status indicators
and as influenced by social, economic and physical environments, personal health practices,
individual capacity and coping skills, human biology, early childhood development,
and health services.
upstream approach
Efforts and investments are directed at root causes to increase health outcomes.
based on evidence about what makes and keeps people healthy.
Population health guided by the principle the earlier upstream we start we start the better.
why is statistical literacy important
power to influence and inform
fundamentals of population health
-Focus on the Health of Populations
-Address the determinants of health and their interactions
-Invest Upstream
-Base Decisions on Evidence
-Apply Multiple Strategies to Act On the Determinants of Health
-Intersectoral Collaboration across health authorities and
non-health organizations
-Employ Mechanisms to Engage Citizens
-Increase Accountability for Health Outcomes
benefits of population health
Sustainable and integrated health system
Increased national growth and productivity
Strengthened social cohesion and citizen engagement
Directs investments to those areas that have the greatest potential to influence population health status positively
positivist
scientific research, the researcher is concerned with gaining knowledge in a world which is objective using scientific methods of enquiry. Methods include experiments and surveys where quantitative data is the norm. Foundation of pop health
The sanitary movement in the 17th century (Florence & Snow era)
- Epidemics
- Link between environmental pollution and health
- Understood a link between poverty and poor health (the social distribution of disease)
- Public health actions were population focused
The communicable disease era in the 18th century
- Emphasis on germ theory & interrupting transmission of disease by controlling the environment
- Focused on the individual
- Biomedical (positivism)
- Less emphasis on social conditions
population health
Biomedical Model Focus
Positivist research
A population is the sum of individuals
Emphasis on social structure & Changing SDOh
emphasizes the human life course (Mortality & Morbidity)
Evidence & Science
health promotion
social movement
Holistic
Populations are more than the sum of individuals; they share collective characteristics
Individual Behaviorist
Emphasizes the context of health and illness
Stories & Voices
Naturalistic inquiry (phenomenology)
lalonde report (1974)
“birth of population health”
recognition that our health system is designed to treat the ill and dying
“improvements in the level of health of Canadians lies mainly in improving the environment, moderating self imposed risks and adding to our knowledge of human biology “
