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A level Computer Science > 1.3.2 (Networks) > Flashcards

1.3.2 (Networks) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a node?

A
  • A computer in a network
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2
Q

What is a Network?

A
  • A collection of connected nodes
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3
Q

What’s the advantages of using a network?

A
  • Share files
  • Share hardware
  • Use any computer
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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a network?

A
  • Expensive
  • Needs a specialist
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5
Q

What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

A
  • Allows a node to attach to a network
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6
Q

What is a Local Area Network (LAN)?

A
  • Devices linked in the same geographical location
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7
Q

What is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?

A
  • Devices linked across a large geographic area
  • Often connected via a 3rd party channel
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8
Q

What is a protocol?

A
  • A set of rules to govern data transmission
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9
Q

Why do we need to use protocols?

A
  • Computers only transmit binary so rules need to be set to establish what the binary means
  • So data can be sent / received
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10
Q

What is the HTTP used for?

A
  • It’s a protocol for viewing web pages
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11
Q

What is the HTTPS used for?

A
  • It’s a protocol for viewing web pages securely using encryption
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12
Q

What is the FTP used for?

A
  • It’s a protocol for transferring files
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13
Q

What is a standard?

A
  • An agreed set of rules for creating a type of code
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14
Q

Why do we use standards?

A
  • Developers want to know if their code will work for users
  • So need to know what user software is expecting
  • a standard agrees this so developers can begin work
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15
Q

What is a server?

A
  • A computer that holds data for other computers
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16
Q

What is a Client?

A
  • A computer that requests data from a server
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17
Q

What is a Client/Server network?

A
  • Clients request access to data/services from servers
  • Servers provide data/ services
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18
Q

What are the advantages to a client/server network?

A
  • Easier to secure data
  • Easier to backup data
  • Easier to manage users
  • Only one point of failure/place to update
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19
Q

What is a peer to peer network?

A
  • No device has a higher status than other devices
  • Devices request data/services from each other
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20
Q

What are the disadvantages to a client/server network?

A
  • Expensive
  • Central point of failure (Easy to infect whole network from one server)
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21
Q

What are the advantages of a peer to peer network?

A
  • Doesn’t rely on a server
  • Doesn’t rely on a single internet connection
  • Less hardware investment
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22
Q

What are the disadvantages of peer to peer networks?

A
  • Insecure
  • Lots of connections
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23
Q

What is Circuit switching?

A
  • A direct connection between two devices
24
Q

What is Packet switching?

A
  • A connection between two devices sent in small amounts of data
25
Q

What do packets contain?

A
  • IP address of the sender and recipient
  • MAC address of the sender and recipient
  • The total number of packets and this packets number in that sequence
  • A checksum to look for errors
26
Q

What is a switch?

A
  • Connects devices together in a LAN
  • Receives packets / data
  • Sends packets / data to the correct network device
27
Q

What is a router?

A
  • Passes data between two networks
  • Usually LAN / ISP
  • Edits packets to add correct IP addresses
28
Q

What is ethernet?

A
  • A type of wired connection using copper cables
  • Also a protocol and a standard
29
Q

What are the advantages for using ethernet?

A
  • High speed(1000Mbps)
  • Low interference
  • Secure
30
Q

What are the disadvantages of using ethernet?

A
  • Electrical interference
  • Limited range
  • Hard to add new nodes
31
Q

What is a network topology?

A
  • A map of how devices on a network connect to each other and the internet
32
Q

What are the advantages of using a star topology?

A
  • Fast, with few data collisions
  • Still works if some clients fail
32
Q

What is a star topology?

A
  • All nodes are connected to a switch and then a server
33
Q

What are the disadvantages to a star topology?

A
  • Requires hardware (Switch)
  • If the switch or server breaks, the whole network fails
34
Q

What is a mesh topology?

A
  • All nodes are connected to other nodes
35
Q

What are the advantages of using as mesh topology?

A
  • “Self healing”, no single point of failure
  • Doesn’t require servers or switches
36
Q

What are the disadvantages to using a mesh topology?

A
  • Hard to maintain
  • Lots of connections
  • Insecure
37
Q

What is a bus topology?

A
  • All nodes connected to a single cable called a bus
38
Q

What are the advantages of using a bus topology?

A
  • Less cable required
  • Doesn’t require servers or switches
39
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a bus topology?

A
  • If the main cable fails, the network fails
  • High collision rate
  • Low security
40
Q

What is a Wireless Access Point (WAP)?

A
  • A device that sends and receives data using radio signals
41
Q

What is Wireless Networking?

A
  • Data is broadcast at a chosen frequency
  • Frequencies are split into bands, almost all WiFi uses 2.4 or 5GHz
  • Bands are split into overlapping channels
42
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of 2.4GHz band?

A
  • Greater range and coverage
  • Very heavily populated, with more interference
43
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of 5GHz band?

A
  • Less crowded
  • More non-overlapping channels
  • Transmits faster
  • Finds it hard to penetrate walls
44
Q

What are the WiFi risks?

A
  • Devices can be accessed without a physical connection
  • Bandwidth can be stolen
  • Data can be intercepted
45
Q

What is a layer?

A
  • A step in a protocol
46
Q

Why should we use layers?

A
  • Each layer can be developed / tested separately
  • Different people can work on different layers
  • Layers can be improved and replaced
47
Q

What are the layers of a TCP/IP?

A
  • Application
  • Transport
  • Internet
  • Link
48
Q

What happens in the Application layer?

A
  • A protocol is chosen
  • HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, POP3, IMAP, FTP
49
Q

What happens in the transport layer?

A
  • Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
  • Sending : Split data into packets with packet numbers and port numbers
  • Receiving: Remove headers, reassemble packets, requesting any missing
50
Q

What happens in the internet layer?

A
  • Internet protocol (IP)
  • Sending: Add source and destination IP. IP and port is a socket
  • Receiving: Remove headers
51
Q

What happens in the link layer?

A
  • Sending: Add source and destination MAC for the next step
  • Receiving: Remove headers
52
Q

What is a Domain Name System (DNS)?

A
  • A database matching IP addresses to domain names
53
Q

What is Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?

A
  • The written address of a website
54
Q

What are the key features of a DNS?

A
  • Speed
  • Privacy
  • Personalisation

A level Computer Science (16 decks)

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