13.2 - Social Cognition Flashcards
(22 cards)
there are 2 types of major processes in our consciousness
1) explicit processes and 2) implicit processes
explicit processes
corresponded roughly to “conscious” thought, and deliberative, effortful, relatively slow, and generally under our intentional control (our mind as we know it)
implicit processes
comprise our “unconsciousness” thought; they are intuitive, automatic, effortless, very fast, and operate largely outside of our intentional control (more lower-level processes)
dual-process models
models of behaviour that account for both implicit and explicit processes
person perception
the processes by which individuals categorize and form judgments about other people
thin slices of behaviour
very small samples of a persons behavior
self-fulfilling prophecies
occur when a first impression (or an expectation) affect ones behaviour, and then that affects other peoples behaviour, leading one to “confirm” the initial impression or expectation
(ex: being nice to someone who looks nice… they are friendly in return)
tendency to project the self-concept onto the social world is known as…
false consensus effect
false consensus effect
assuming since you like Taylor Swift, everyone must also like Taylor Swift
naive realism
assuming our perception of reality are accurate, and that we see things the way they truly are
self-serving bias
biased ways of processing self-relevant information to enhance our positive self-elevation
internal attribution (dispositional attribution)
when a observer explains the behaviour of an actor in terms of some innate quality of that person
(ex: you [observer] explain the actors behaviour [driver who cut in front of you] as an internal part of who the driver is as a human being aggressive jurk, bad driver, “idiot”
external attributions (situational attributions)
whereby the observer explains the actors behavior as the result of the situation
(they swerved because they saw a cat, or they got a bad phone call)
fundamental attribution error (FAE)
tendency to over-emphasize internal (dispositional) attributions and under-emphasize external (situational) factors when explaining other peoples behaviour
ingroups
groups we feel positively toward and identify with (family, home, team, “buds”)
outgroups
the “other” groups that we don’t identify with
ingroup bias
as positive biases toward the self get extended to include ones ingroups, people become motivated to see their ingroups as superior to their outgroups
stereotype
a cognitive structure, set of beliefs about the characteristics that are held by members of a specific social group (schemes)
prejudice
an effective, emotional response to members of out groups, including holding negative attitudes and making critical judgments of other people
discrimination
behaviour that dis-favours or disadvantages members of a certain social group (racism, sexism)
implicit associations test (IAT)
1990’s- measures how fast people can respond to images or words flashed on a computer screen
contact hypothesis
predicts that social contact between members of different groups is extremely important to overcoming prejudice (work together to develop friendship)
