Communicable Diseases

Question 1

Communicable Diseases in Children

Answer 1

Children < 5 years old are at greatest risk
- immature immune system
- maternal antibodies from birth are decreasing
- group settings for children increase exposure
- immunizations do not cover all diseases

Question 2

Common Childhood Diseases CONTROLLED by Vaccines (14)

Answer 2

Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Pertussis
Tetanus
Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib - can present as bacterial meningitis)
Poliomyelitis
Varicella
Hepatitis A (part of routine now)
Hepatitis B
Pneumococcus
Meningococcus
Diphtheria
Rotavirus

Question 3

Chickenpox

Answer 3

Varicella-zoster virus
Macule/papule -> vesicle -> crust
Vaccine

Question 4

Diphtheria

Answer 4

Corynebacterium diptheriae
White or gray membrane on tonsils
“bull neck” from lymphadenitis - airway obstruction
toxic cardiomyopathy (2nd to 3rd week)
Vaccine

Question 5

Mumps

Answer 5

Paramyxovirus
Enlarged parotid glands (bilateral or unilateral)
Oophoritis/orchitis (sterility)
Vaccine

Question 6

Measles (Rubeola)

Answer 6

Koplik spots in the mouth
Virus
Encephalitis (rare but high mortality)

Question 7

Pertussis

Answer 7

Bordetella pertussis bacteria
Very distinct sound (requires hospitalization for infants) - short rapid coughs followed by sudden inspiration (whoop)
Vaccine (childhood immunizations do not confer lifelong immunity)

Question 8

Poliomyelitis

Answer 8

Enteroviruses
Vaccine

Question 9

Rubella (German Measles)

Answer 9

Rubella virus
Avoid contact with pregnant women
Teratogenic to a developing fetus
Vaccine

Question 10

Tetanus

Answer 10

Exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani
Progressive stiffness of muscles in neck & jaw (lockjaw)
Vaccine (booster every 10 years)

Question 11

Rotavirus

Answer 11

Rotavirus
Fecal-oral route (contaminated food or water, stool)
Vaccine (oral at 2-4 months)

Question 12

Common Childhood Communicable Diseases NOT Controlled by Vaccines (10)

Answer 12

Fifth Disease
Roseola
Scarlet Fever
Conjunctivitis
Mononucleosis
Impetigo
Hepatitis C
HIV
Pinworms
Scabies

Question 13

Fifth Disease

Answer 13

Slap-cheek look. Distinct pink flushed cheek look
Human parovirus
Fetal death if mother infected during pregnancy (2nd trimester)
NO VACCINE

Question 14

Roseola Infantum

Answer 14

Human herpesvirus type 6
No vaccine

Question 15

Scarlet Fever

Answer 15

Group A B-hemolytic streptococci
Strawberry tongue
Acute rheumatic fever
Acute glomerulonephritis
Otitis media
No vaccine

Question 16

Conjunctivitis

Answer 16

viral, bacterial (pink eye)
purulent drainage, crusting of the eyelids

Question 17

Impetigo

Answer 17

Staphylococci, Group A streptococci
purulent drainage is infectious
Exudate dries to form honey-coloured crusts
Pruritic
No vaccine

Question 18

Scabies

Answer 18

scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei
intense pruritis
No vaccine

Question 19

Giardiasis

Answer 19

Beaver fever
Giardia intestinalis (protozoa)
no vaccine

Question 19

Pinworms

Answer 19

Intense itching
antiparasitic medication