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Physiology > Exam3Lec6AcidBase1 > Flashcards

Exam3Lec6AcidBase1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is Acid-Base Balance
in the Body Important? (4 points)

A
  1. Our diets contain many acids and bases; cellular catabolism of foodstuffs produces the majority of acids and bases in our bodies.
  2. Bases normally lost in feces; net effect of accumulation of acid in body fluids.
  3. Cellular functions are sensitive to pH.
  4. Acid must be excreted for normal physiological function of cells and organs.
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2
Q

Acids ____ H+ ions. Bases ____ H+ ions

A

donate, receive

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3
Q

____ dissociate completely or almost completely into H+ and their conjugate base.

A

Strong acids

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4
Q

____ are only slightly ionized in aqueous solution.

A

Weak acids

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5
Q

A ____ is a mixture of substances in aqueous solution that can resist changes in H+ ion concentration when strong acids or bases are added.

A

buffer

Buffers are usually a combination of a weak acid and its conjugate base.=

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6
Q

H+ ____ is about equal to H+ concentration.

A

activity

pH = -log[H+]

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7
Q

pH of arterial blood is normally?

A

7.40

range in 7.35-7.45

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8
Q

What is acidemia and alkalemia?

A

Acidemia = arterial blood pH < 7.35.
Alkalemia = arterial blood pH > 7.45.

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9
Q

What are the sourcres of Acid in the body?

A
  1. Cellular metabolism (main source)
  2. Accidentally Ingested Fixed Acids
  3. Abnormally High Fixed Acid Production (e.g. Diabetic Ketoacidosis)
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10
Q

What are the 5 types of cellular metabolism occuring in our body that serves as a source of acid?

A
  1. Oxidation of glucose and fatty acids (major)
  2. Oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids
  3. Oxidation of phosopholipids/phosphoproteins
  4. Conversion of NH4Cl to Urea
  5. Anaerobic metabolism of glucose
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11
Q

Oxidation of glucose and fatty acids (major)
1. Produces?
2. Removed by lungs or kidneys?
3. Volatile or Fixed acid?

A
  1. Produces CO2
  2. CO2 removed by lungs
  3. Volatile Acid

Hydration of the CO2 produces protons

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12
Q

Oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids
1. Produces?
2. Removed by lungs or kidneys?
3. Volatile or Fixed acid?

A
  1. Produces sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
  2. Removed by kidneys
  3. Fixed Acid
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13
Q

Oxidation of phosopholipids/phosphoproteins
1. Produces?
2. Removed by lungs or kidneys?
3. Volatile or Fixed acid?

A
  1. Produces phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
  2. Removed by kidneys
  3. Fixed Acid
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14
Q

Conversion of NH4Cl to Urea
1. Produces?
2. Removed by lungs or kidneys?
3. Volatile or Fixed acid?

A
  1. Produces HCl
  2. Removed by kidney
  3. Fixed Acid

urea comes from liver

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15
Q

Anaerobic metabolism of glucose
1. Produces?
2. Conversion?
3. Volatile or Fixed acid?

A
  1. Produces Lactic Acid
  2. May be converted to CO2
  3. Can be Volatile or Fixed
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16
Q

Which two organs use alot of bicarb?

A

Liver and kidney.

liver uses bicarb + aluminum chloride to create urea

17
Q

Regulation of body pH is acheives by what 3 mechanisms?

A
  1. Chemical Buffering.
  2. Respiratory Compensation.
  3. Renal Compensation

chemical buffering is very quick and immediately completed. Renal compensation occurs 24 hrs or few days later

18
Q

What does this graph show?

A

Distilles water has no buffer system and you see the pH decr very fast wehn around 25mEq H+ were added. In vivo there is a buffering system so it can maintain pH and resist change in acidity

19
Q

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch
Equation?

A

HCO3-/CO2 =>HPO42-/H2PO4-=>Prot-/HnProt

20
Q

Name each buffer pair for each location

A
21
Q

What is teh first line of defense to resist change in acidity?

A

Fast Chemical Buffering in plasma
Strong acid + Buffer salt -> Neutral salt + Weak acid

22
Q

What are 3 special characteristics of the
bicarbonate buffer system?

A
  • High [HCO3-]
  • [HCO3-]/CO2 = 20 : 1
  • Open System: Controlled pCO2
23
Q

What does this graph represent?

A

Titration Curves for the Bicarbonate
and Phosphate Buffer Systems. By the time you lose all the acid or bass the buffer ssytem is gone. Thats why you see a large pH jump on the most left and most right of the graph. The buffer system is in the middle area and you see gradual change in pH

24
Q

What is essential for optimal physiological function of cells and organ?.

A

Maintenance of an optimal plasma and ECF pH

25
Q

What accounts for most acid production in the body?

A

Catabolism of dietary foodstuffs

26
Q

Volatile acids result from what?

A

aerobic carboyhdrate and lipid metabolism, and can be converted to gas and removed by the lungs

27
Q

Fixed acids result from what?

A

other metabolic processes or direct intake, cannot be removed by the lungs, and are typically removed by the kidney

28
Q

____ prevents drastic changes in body fluid acidity.

A

Chemical buffering

29
Q

True or false: A weak acid dissociates less in solution than a strong acid

A

True

30
Q

Which is produced and excreted in greater quantity?
A. Volatile Acid
B. Fixed Acid

A

A. Volatile Acid

31
Q

What is the normal [HCO3-]/[CO2] ratio in arterial blood?

A

20:1

Physiology (22 decks)

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