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DIG > Intestinal Inflammation > Flashcards

Intestinal Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common symptom of acute intestinal inflammation?

A

Diarrhoea

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2
Q

Primary and other causes of gastroenteritis

A
  • Primary:
    > Viruses
    > Bacteria
    > Parasites
  • Other:
    > Stress
    > Intolerance
    > Drugs
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3
Q

Bacteria causing gastroenteritis

A
  • E.coli (Escherichia coli)
  • C.diff (Clostridium difficile)
  • Salmonella
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4
Q

How does E.coli enter the body?

A

Contaminated food

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5
Q

How does E.coli cause symptoms?

A
  • Adheres to epithelia
  • Toxin production
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6
Q

When do cases of C.diff occur?

A

After taking antibiotics

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7
Q

How does salmonella enter the body?

A

Undercooked food

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8
Q

How long is the bacterial incubation period?

A

Hours - days

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9
Q

What type of infection is bloody diarrhoea commonly associated with?

A

Bacterial

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10
Q

What do enterotoxins produced by bacteria do?

A
  • Increase intracellular cGMP –> inhibition of intestinal fluid uptake
  • Increase intracellular cAMP –> hypersecretion of water + electrolytes
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11
Q

What type of virus is rotavirus?

A

RNA virus

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12
Q

How does rotavirus cause symptoms?

A
  • Mucosal damage
  • Malabsorption
  • Enterotoxin secretion
  • Reduces glucose co-transport of electrolytes
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13
Q

What type of virus is noravirus?

A

RNA virus

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14
Q

How does noravirus cause symptoms?

A
  • Villus blunting
  • Malabsorption
  • Replication in enterocyte
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15
Q

How long is the viral incubation period?

A

1 day

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16
Q

What type of microorganism is giardia?

A

Parasite

17
Q

What group of people is giardia commonly associated with?

A

International travellers

18
Q

How does giardia enter the body?

A

Faecal oral route (hygiene + sanitation)

19
Q

What does giardia do?

A

Increases GIT motility

20
Q

What does giardia do?

A

Increases GIT motility

21
Q

Parasitic incubation period length

A

7-10 days

22
Q

Key symptoms indicating infection

A
  • Fever
  • Blood in stool (bacteria)
  • Nausea/diarrhoea/vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
23
Q

What is coeliac disease?

A

Response to gluten with an inappropriate immune response causing small intestine inflammation + damage

24
Q

Treatment of coeliac disease

A

Exclude gluten from the diet

25
Q

What should coeliac patients also be screened for and why?

A
  • Type 1 diabetes + thyroid function problems
  • Are also autoimmune diseases
26
Q

What is inflammatory bowel disease a combination of?

A
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Crohn’s disease
27
Q

What does inflammatory bowel disease cause?

A
  • Global changes in composition of intestinal microbiome
  • Reduced bacterial richness
28
Q

Where do ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s affect?

A
  • UC = rectum, then extend to involve whole colon
  • C = end of small intestine/beginning of colon, may affect any GIT in patchy pattern
29
Q

What layers of the bowel wall do ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s affect?

A
  • UC = inner layer
  • C = all layers
30
Q

Symptoms of Crohn’s

A
  • Transmural inflammation
  • Skip lesions
  • Mucosal ulceration
31
Q

Treatment of Crohn’s

A
  • Diet considerations
  • Antibiotics?
  • Immunosuppressive agents + anti-inflammatory therapies
  • Segmental resections?
32
Q

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis

A
  • Continuous inflammation
  • Mucosal inflammation
33
Q

Treatment of ulcerative colitis

A
  • Anti-inflammatory therapies (during flares)
  • Steroids (during remission)
  • Colectomy (stoma/pouch)
34
Q

IBS includes abnormalities involving…

A
  • Motility
  • Visceral sensation
  • Brain-gut interaction
  • Psychosocial distress
35
Q

Common symptoms of IBS

A
  • Bloating
  • Pain
  • Diarrhoea
  • Constipation
  • Abnormal stool frequency
36
Q

What are FODMAPs?

A
  • Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols
  • Short-chain, poorly absorbed, highly fermentable carbohydrates (eg. wheat, onion, fruit, etc.)
37
Q

What do FODMAPs do for IBS patients?

A

Increase GI symptoms

DIG (19 decks)

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