Cancer Flashcards
Difference of leukemia and lymphoma?
Leukemia relates to cells produced in the bone marrow (WBC, RBC, platelet). Lymphoma relates to the lymph system
What is the patho behind leukemia?
Lack of WBC cell differentiation and maturation. Leads to decreasing levels of all other blood cells
CM of leukemia
Fatigue, pallor, fever, anorexia, low grade fever, prone to infection, bone pain, bruising, petechiae, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, night sweats
Risk factors for leukemia
Prenatal exposure to environmental toxins
Postnatal exposure to pesticides, tobacco smoke, traffic related pollution
Increase in prevalence for children who live in close proximity of power lines
Some types of infections (epstein-barr virus for hodgkins)
What might labs for leukemia look like
Decreased (platelet, RBC, hgb, hct)
Increased (WBC and percentage of leukocyte involved)
Hodgkin’s lymphoma symptoms
Swollen, painless, rubbery-feeling nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, in the chest → dyspnea & cough
Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
Fever, weight loss, night sweats, fatigue, spinal cord = paralysis. Usually first found in the left sentinel nodes
Why is neuroblastoma not a great prognosis?
Tumors have usually metastasized by the time they are found
Where are neuroblastomas typically found and what might symptoms relate to?
Usually form in the adrenal medulla. Tumors are usually found in the abdomen. If tumors are in the adrenal gland, flight or fight symptoms may be noted
Key thing to know about neuroblastoma
Do not palpate tumor if it can be felt. Can burst the tumor and cause metastasis
Where are medulloblastomas found? What might symptoms be?
Cerebellum. Symptoms may be clumsiness, incoordination, ataxia, etc. Symptoms may be hard to differentiate in toddlers rt normal toddler clumsiness
What is leukocoria?
When the retina does not show the cats eye reflection when light is flashed. Associated with retinoblastoma
What are some signs and symptoms of retinoblastoma?
White pupil, poor vision, eye swelling, eye redness, lazy eye, involuntary movement, strabismus, proptosis, leukocoria
What is the tx for retinoblastoma?
Enucleation, radiation, chemo, thermotherapy
What are some signs of neuroblastoma? Neuroblastoma in the adrenal gland? Neuroblastoma metastasis?
General Symptoms: Fever, malaise, pain, anorexia, periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eyes)
Adrenal: asymmetric abdominal swelling, abdominal mass, bowel & bladder dysfunction
Metastatic: periorbital ecchymosis, orbital proptosis, bluish subcutaneous nodules
