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Hazards > Multi-hazardous environment - Philippines > Flashcards

Multi-hazardous environment - Philippines Flashcards

1
Q

where is located continentally?

A

off mainland South east asia

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2
Q

how many islands?§

A

over 7,600

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3
Q

how people live there?

A

114 million people

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4
Q

how. does their economy compare to the rest of south east Asia?

A

4th richest

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5
Q

what is it now considered - economy wise?

A

a Newly Industrialised Country

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6
Q

how much of the population live below the poverty line?

A

21.6%

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7
Q

why do they get so many volcanoes and earthquakes?

A

on the western rim of the ‘pacific ring of fire’

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8
Q

bc of typhoons and volcanic activity what are they prone to ?

A

lahars

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9
Q

what primary natural hazards do they experience?

A

earthquakes, volcanoes, typhoons

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10
Q

why are they prone to typhoons?

A

cross the pacific towards south east Asia

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11
Q

they are the most exposed country to what?

A

typhoons

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12
Q

how much of the national GDP do tropical storms cost?

A

0.5%

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13
Q

how many severe earthquakes did they have in 2018?

A

2

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14
Q

what volcano erruption was there in 2018?

A

mount mayon

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15
Q

how many typhoons and tropical storms were there in 2018?

A

9 and one super-typhoon in Mangkut

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16
Q

how many died in the Mangkut typhoon in 2018?

A

127 - mainly miners and families etc. due to a landslide

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17
Q

how many earthquakes were there between 2000-2017 of at least 6.0MW?

A

17

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18
Q

examples of bad earthquakes?

A
  • 1976= off Mindanao - 7.9MW
  • 1990 - Luzon - 7.8MW
  • 2013 - Bohol - 7.2MW
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19
Q

how many died in 1976 Mindanao earthquake? why?

A

8,000 - tsunami and western shore flood

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20
Q

how many died in 1990 Luzon earthquake?

A

1,600

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21
Q

how many died and injured in 2013 Bohol earthquake?

A

killed 200 - injured 800

22
Q

roughly how many active volcanoes are there?

A

23

23
Q

3 major volcanoes (and when was their most violent eruption?)

A

Mayon (1814), Pinatubo (1991), Taal

24
Q

how many people live in a 40km radius of Pinatubo?

A

500,000

25
Q

what saved 5,000 people at Pinatubo?

A

early warnings and evacuations

26
Q

what did pinatubo do?

A

hurled gases, ash and steam into the atmosphere cooling the worlds temp by 0.5oC

27
Q

what killed 850 at pinatubo 1991?

A

deadly lahars bc of typhoon Yunya

28
Q

what is the risk of Typhoons?

A

severe flooding, landslides and lahars (volcanic ash)

29
Q

what have typhoons caused the highest number in?

A

deaths

30
Q

typhoon Mangkhut waas the strongest to hit land since what?

A

typhoon Haiyan

31
Q

how much did typhoon Mangkhut cost?

A

627 mill USD

32
Q

what does the Red Cross say how many were affected I the worst places during typhoon Mangkhut?

A

3 million

33
Q

bc of typhoon Mangkhut how many were further affected further south due to floodinG?

A

11 million

34
Q

what can hazards be the direct cause of?

A

Tsunamis, Landslides, flooding, fires and lahars

35
Q

how many disasters have they had?

A

over 300

36
Q

what does the gov say has happened to typhoons?

A

more severe due to climate change

37
Q

what has worsened effects of hazards?

A

people live in low-lying, cheap and crowded housing excellerated by rapid urbanisation and environmental degradation - deforestation

38
Q

what has environmental degradation increased?

A

landslides and flooding bc more surface runoff

39
Q

what do instituational arrangements an disaster management rely on?

A

response and reactive approach

40
Q

for responses what is their emphasis on?

A

post-disaster relief and short term preparations –> centralised top-down administrative system

41
Q

examples of centralised top-down administrative system?

A

community based and local initiatives

42
Q

what should the response be?

A

bottom up - help most vulnerable

43
Q

example of bottom up initiative?

A

Phillipines National Red Cross (PNRC)

44
Q

what is the aim of the PNRC?

A

reduce impacts of natural disasters

45
Q

how do the PNRC want to reduce impacts of natural disaster?

A

encourage collaboration in lives and recourses

46
Q

what areas do the PNRC want to address?

A
  • partnership of gov bodies to gain finance for mitigation
  • educate locals on disaster management
  • identify risk. - land use maps and make mitigation methods choices
  • do mitigation - physical or health related (clean water)
47
Q

what two ways are Filipino people described?

A

resilient or fatalistic

48
Q

what do the UN say about the Filipino central gov. ?

A

best risk reduction laws globally?

49
Q

what is the problem with risk reduction laws?

A

only on paper

50
Q

what has been the problem with responses and government?

A

bc of 7,600 islands - responsibility is local - money not wisely spent

51
Q

bc of a new legislation, how much of disaster spending money is long-term?

A

70%

52
Q

bc of a new legislation, how much of disaster spending money is short-term - emergency aid?

A

30%

Hazards (34 decks)

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