Economic And Social Causes Of Rebellion - Taxation

Question 1

What was the most important cause of popular protest in Early Tudor England?

Answer 1

Taxation

Question 2

Name 3 rebellions in the first half of the Tudor Era that was about taxation?

Answer 2

Yorkshire rebellion (1489), Cornish rebellion (1497) and Amicable Grant (1525)

Question 3

Name 2 major rebellion that taxation was a minor cause for?

Answer 3

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536) and Western rebellion (1549)

Question 4

Because of impoverishment in 19 Yorkshire towns what did King Henry VIII do in 1515 to try and help the situation?

Answer 4

Remitted payments of tax

Question 5

According to a study in 1522, how many in Exeter and Leicester escaped taxation on account of poverty?

Answer 5

1/3 of people

Question 6

Generally what percentage of the adult male population was liable for taxation?

Answer 6

Around 60%

Question 7

When was taxation levied?

Answer 7

Only occasionally when there was an emergency

Question 8

What was the reasons behind why Yorkshire and Cornwall rebelled over their taxes in 1489 and 1497?

Answer 8

Because they were taxing everyone and breaking the rules where the south pays tax for wars with France and North pays tax for wars with Scotland and these areas were impoverished

Question 9

How much did Parliament allocate to King Henry VII to meet the cost of the campaign against France in 1489?

Answer 9

£100,000

Question 10

Which counties had previously been expert from the tax against France which had increased the view in Yorkshire that the tax was unfair?

Answer 10

The counties of Northumberland, Westmorland and Cumberland

Question 11

What happened the year before 1489 that contributed to the rebellion in Yorkshire?

Answer 11

A bad harvest in 1488

Question 12

What happened to the Earl of Northumberland, Henry Percy, who lead the tax commission that lead to the Yorkshire rebellion?

Answer 12

He was murdered by the rebels though generally unpopular but so was taxation though its suggested that the murder of Percy was orchestrated by the king to take over Percy’s land and gain control of the north though there is no extant evidence to support this theory

Question 13

What happened to Yorkshire after the Yorkshire rebellion?

Answer 13

The rebels received a royal pardon and no further taxes were collected

Question 14

Which 2 councillors were blamed for the Cornish rebellion in 1497?

Answer 14

John Morton, Lord Chancellor, and Reginald Bray, the king’s chief financial adviser who had been response for finding ways of increasing revenue from the royal estate in the 1490s

Question 15

When were the 4 attempts to levy taxation without parliament’s consent?

Answer 15

1491, 1525, 1544-1546 and 1594-1599

Question 16

In 1522 what had Thomas Wolsey promised yet had not happened by 1525?

Answer 16

Wolsey had raised £260,000 ub forced loans, which he said would be repaid out of the next parliamentary subsidy

Question 17

What did Wolsey try to do in 1523 that caused resentment and was one of the reasons behind the Amicable Grant?

Answer 17

Wolsey tried to get parliament to vote a subsidy of £800,000 but it offered only £151,000 payable over 4 years and the church was also expected to pay about £120,000

Question 18

What excessive demands did the Amicable Grant make?

Answer 18

Demands on the laity and clergy alike

Question 19

What assessment did the government make on the laity and clergy that is a reason for the Amicable grant?

Answer 19

Ended the principle of paying a fixed rate tax with many protestors would have been paying tax for the first time at rates they could ill afford

Question 20

What was the context around the economic distress before the Amicable Grant?

Answer 20

There was a grave shortage of coinage, which is why the government urgently needed to collect tax and rising unemployment following a fall in wool prices added to the economic distress

Question 21

What did Item 14 in the Pontefract Articles, demands written by the Pilgrimage of Grace rebels, say?

Answer 21

‘To be discharged on the quinine [fifteenth] and taxes now granted by act of parliament’ the rebels did not want to pat the taxes due from the Subsidy Act of 1534

Question 22

What was a rumour spread in Lincolnshire that contributed towards the Pilgrimage of Grace?

Answer 22

That the tax was a prelude to further fiscal exactions, such as a tax on white meat and horned cattle, that alarmed people so much

Question 23

How much was the subsidy yield and how many people were affected who were involved in the Pilgrimage of Grace?

Answer 23

£80,000 a small yield and affected only a few people but many rebels claimed they could not afford it

Question 24

What was the dual objectives of the Duke of Somerset’s Subsidy Act of 1549?

Answer 24

To raise as much money as possible at a time of acute shortage and to encourage more farmers to return their lands to tillage

Question 25

Who did the Subsidy Act of 1549 hit the hardest?

Answer 25

Poorer peasants and tenants as most wealthy clothiers and sheep farmers raised their prices to offset their cost

Question 26

What was the poor timing around the Subsidy Act of 1549?

Answer 26

The tax was due to be assessed two week after the introduction of the English prayer book and added to the rebels list of grievances against the government