Lesson 8- Control Of Extraneous Variables Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Extraneous variables?

A

Unwanted factors that are not the independent variable which could potentially affect the results of the study.

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2
Q

Why is it important to control extraneous variables?

A

In order to ensure that a study has validity, extraneous variables must be controlled to prevent them from becoming CONFOUNDING variables

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3
Q

What are participant variables?

A

Characteristics of the participants which may affect the dependent variable (e.g age, intelligence, gender)

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4
Q

What types of experimental designs can help overcome participant variables?

A

1.Matched pairs
2.Repeated Measures

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5
Q

What is one problem that arises when a using matched pairs design?

A

Can lead to order effects

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6
Q

What are environmental variables?

A

These are factors in the environment where the experiment is conducted that could affect the DV (e.g time of day, temperature,lighting)

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7
Q

What process can we use to overcome environmental variables

A

Standardisaton

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8
Q

What is standardisation?

A

Ensuring that all the conditions, materials and instructions are the same for all participants

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9
Q

What are investigator effects?

A

This is when the person collecting the data has knowledge of what the research aim is and that knowledge affects the data obtained.

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10
Q

Name one type of investigator effect?

A

Observer bias

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11
Q

What is observer bias?

A

Occurs when a researcher's expectations, opinions, or prejudices influence what they perceive or record in a study

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12
Q

What process can we use to overcome investigator effects?

A

Double-blind technique

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13
Q

What is the double blind technique?

A

When neither the participants nor investigator know the hypothesis of the study or what condition the participant is in

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14
Q

Why is it important for standardised scripts to be given to the investigator?

A

To ensure that the investigator acts in a similar way with all participants

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15
Q

What are demand characteristics?

A

Defined as the process in which a paricipant may guess the purpose of the study and alter their behaviour accordingly based on what the features of the study are.

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16
Q

Name two types of demand characteristics

A

1. Observer effects
2. Interview effects

17
Q

What are Observer effects?

A

how people change their behavior when they know they are being observed in a study

18
Q

What are interviewer effects?

A

When the interviewer's appearance or behavior may influence the respondent's answers

19
Q

How can we overcome demand characteristics?

A

single blind technique- participants do not know what the HYPOTHESIS is or what CONDITION they are in