Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology - Zoology > Invertebrates - Echinoderms > Flashcards

Invertebrates - Echinoderms Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of echinodersm?

A

Sea lillies, feather stars, brittle stars, sea urchins and sea cucumbers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are characteristics of echinodersm?

A

Protostomes, deuterostomes, bilateral as larve and radial as adults.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the body structure?

A

Epidermis covers bodies atop a mesodermal derived dermis then the muscles and skeleton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ossicles

A

These are small calcareous elements embedded in the dermis of the body wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the exoskeleton made of?

A

Mostly CaCO3 in calcite form with some MgCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A

Muscles, nerve and skeletal secreting cells and potentially pigment cells for camouflage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is beneath the dermis?

A

Coelomic epithelium lining body cavity/coelom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens in the coelom?

A

circulation and respiraiton and septa compartmentalising allowing only fluid flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cells does the ceolomic epithelium contain?

A

Peritoneal cells and Muscle cells for movement and phyisological function regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a unique feature to echinoderms?

A

Water vascular systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the WVS important for?

A

Respiration, locomotion and feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the WVS connect to the environment?

A

Madreporite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Madreporite

A

A perforated plate exchanging external sea water with the internal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is the exoskeleton formed?

A

Biomineralisation dermal cells secreting proteins extracellularly that form a matrix as a foundation for CaCO3 nucleation with meshwork formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What muscles cells are found in Echinoderms?

A

Striated found in the tube feet and spines for rapid movement
Smooth muscles better for slow and sustained movement in body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What pattern do the muscles form?

A

Longitudinal/Circular patterns allowing co-ordinated movement

17
Q

What is the structure of WVS?

A

Series of chambers and canals filled with seawater connnected externallly by madereporites

18
Q

What is the structure of radial canal?

A

Emerges from the madreoporite along each arm in which smaller laternal canals extended into the feet for locomotion/feeding.

19
Q

Ampulla

A

A sac-like enlargement of a canal or duct

20
Q

What does the ampulla connect to?

A

Lateral canal.

21
Q

What is the function of the lateral canal?

A

Contraction forces water into tube foot, allowing tube foot to grip subtrates or move the echinoderm.

22
Q

Where is the stone canal found?

A

At the end of the ampulla connecting to the circular canal surrounding the echinoderm mouth

23
Q

What is the importance of the circular canal?

A

Connects the madreporite to the circular canal

24
Q

What is the mechanism of stone canal?

A

Creates currents by cilia driving water towards the canal extending from calcareous plates that make up the acnal

25
Q

How do echinoderms move?

A

Crawl or swim

26
Q

How is locomotion facilitaed?

A

A muscular ampullae contract extending the tube feet forcing vascular system water into the tube feet which attaches them to a surface
Muscle contraction pulls forward then causing tube feet to shorten by increased WVS pressure

27
Q

How do feeding habits vary among echinodersm?

A

Sea stars predators
Sea urchins graze
Brittle stars scavenge and filter feed

28
Q

What is the mechanism of sea star feeding?

A

Externally digest prey through extensiion of stomach through mouth, with suckers to immobilise prey

29
Q

Aristotles Lantern

A

This is a chewing apparatus allowing scraping/grinding of food

30
Q

What systems are involed in Circulation and Gas Echange?

A

Hemal systems, WVS and coelomes with ciliary action and muscle pumping.

31
Q

Hemal System

A

Complex system of canals and chambers being fluid filled driven by hydraulic pressure by the ampulla

32
Q

What facilitates circulation of fluids?

A

Contraction and relaxation through the WVS and Hemal systems, carrying nutrients and oxygen to tissues

33
Q

What are the two neural systems in echinoderms?

A

Ectoneural Systems
Hyponeural System

34
Q

Ectoneural System

A

This develops from the ectoderm, being primarily a sensory system

35
Q

Hyponeural system

A

This develops from the mesoderm and is purely associated with motor function

36
Q

What faciltates regneration?

A

WNT signalling pathways activated in response to injury leading to upregulation of genes with cell differentation.

37
Q

What reproductive capacibilites do they have?

A

Most diooecous some hermaphroditic with external fertilisation.

38
Q

What is an example of the ecological importance of echinoderms?

A

Grazing by sea urchins.

Biology - Zoology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions