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BIOLOGY > Species and Community Interactions > Flashcards

Species and Community Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a community?

A

group of different species living in the same area

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2
Q

What are some ways we can characterize a community?

A
  1. species richness
  2. species diversity
  3. primary productivity
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3
Q

What is species richness?

A

how many species are there

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4
Q

What is species diversity?

A

how many species and how evenly distributed are they

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5
Q

What is primary productivity?

A

rate at which biomass is produced by organisms that covert inorganic materials into organic materials

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6
Q

What is an ecological niche?

A

total of all the ways an organism can use the resources in its environment

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7
Q

What is a fundamental niche?

A

what organisms can actually use

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8
Q

What is realized niche?

A

what organisms are actually using

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9
Q

What is the range of realized niche compared to that of the fundamental niche?

A

realized niche is either the same or smaller than the fundamental niche

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10
Q

What is resource partitioning?

A

division of a niche (like splitting up where to nest on a tree)

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11
Q

Why do organisms resource partition?

A

because competition is tiring

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12
Q

What is character displacement?

A

evolution so character traits enable better use of different parts of a niche

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13
Q

What does character displacement need?

A

time

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14
Q

Is herbivory a predator prey relationship?

A

yes

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15
Q

What can too much predation do for prey population?

A

extinction of prey population and then extinction of predator

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16
Q

What is an example of non-lethal predator effect?

A

to avoid predators, prey may remain in less food abundant areas, and then the prey suffers from food loss (not directly affected by a predator)

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17
Q

What is batesian mimicry?

A

a species that is not poisonous looks like one that is

18
Q

What is mullerian mimicry?

A

a species that is poisonous looks like another species that is poisonous also

19
Q

What is coeveolution?

A

evolutionary changes brought about by interactions between species

20
Q

What is warning coloration?

A

having colorful colors to indicate that they can cause harm

21
Q

What is cryptic coloration?

A

blending into their environment to not get preyed upon

22
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

long term biological interaction between species (evolve over TIME)

23
Q

What is mutualism?

A

a relationship where both organisms benefit

24
Q

What is commensalism?

A

a relationship where one species benefits and one is unaffected

25
Q

What is parasitism?

A

a relationship where one benefits and the other is harmed

26
Q

What are endoparasites?

A

internal parasites

27
Q

What are ectoparasites?

A

external parasites

28
Q

What are parasitoids?

A

lay eggs on another species and when it hatches, the larvae eat the host

29
Q

What is toxoplasmosis?

A

a parasite that infects rats and makes them lose fear of cats, and the cats eat the rats and the toxoplasmosis further divides and develops (because toxoplasmosis needs a cats gut to reproduce)

30
Q

What are cordyceps?

A

a fungus that affects ants brains and then later, the fungus sprouts out of the ants head

31
Q

What is the story with ants, rodents, and seeds?

A
  1. rodents eat big seeds (and small seeds) and ants eat only small seeds
  2. if the rodents are removed, the population of ants will increase for a while
  3. then the population of ants decrease because the big seeds dominate due to no one eating it
32
Q

What is primary succession?

A

growth starting from nothing

33
Q

What is secondary succession?

A

rebuilding after disturbance

34
Q

What are the 3 steps to succession?

A
  1. establishment
  2. facilitation
  3. inhibition
35
Q

What is establishment?

A

r-selected species start to grow (grasses and weeds)

36
Q

What is facilitation?

A

r-selected species change landscape (by dying and making soil) to favor k-selected species (equal amount of k and r)

37
Q

What is inhibition?

A

k-selected species take over and the landscape mature (low r-selected species)

38
Q

What are r-selected species?

A

species that have high growth rates, many offspring, and low survival chances

39
Q

What are k-selected species?

A

species that are more stable and tend to live longer

40
Q

What is interference competition?

A

species fight for similar resources (occupy the same space)

41
Q

What is exploitative competition?

A

one species takes over a portion of the others resources (occupy different spaces)

BIOLOGY (18 decks)

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