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History crime and punishment > early modern era > Flashcards

early modern era Flashcards

1
Q

what happened in 1517

A

martin luther made the 95 thesis - starting protestantism

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2
Q

what is protestantism

A

Protestants are a form of Christianity which rejects the leadership of the Pope

and sought to make the Church and Christian faith more accessible to ordinary people.

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3
Q

when did protestantism start

A

1517 - when martin luther made the 95 thesis

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4
Q

what happened in 1536

A

the dissolution of the monasteries under henry vii

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5
Q

what was the 1536 dissolution of the monasteries

A

a policy introduced in 1536 CE by Henry VIII to close down and confiscate the lands and wealth of all monasteries in England and Wales

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6
Q

why did henry viii dissolve the monasteries in 1536

A

His intention in destroying the monastic system was both to reap its wealth and to suppress political opposition as well as due to the pope’s refusal to annul Henry’s marriage to Katherine of Aragon, so that he could marry Anne Boleyn.

  • to reap its wealth
  • suppress political opposition (power of the church)
  • overrule popes refusal to annul marriage to KOA so he could marry AB
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7
Q

what happened in 1605

A

the gunpowder plot

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8
Q

what is the 1605 gunpowder plot an example of

A

high tensions between catholics and protestants

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9
Q

what was the 1605 gunpowder plot

A

a group of catholics lead by Guy Fawkes attempted to blow up parliament and kill the protestant king james 1

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10
Q

what happened in 1494

A

vagabonds and beggars act created

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11
Q

what was the 1494 vagabonds and beggars act

A

introduced by Henry VII. The Act stated that “vagabonds, idle and suspected persons shall be set in the stocks for three days and three nights

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12
Q

what was a vagabond

A

someone who would move from town to town looking for work

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13
Q

how were vagabonds punished

A

3 days and 3 nights in the stocks and pillories - deterrance and public humilation

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14
Q

what happened in 1542

A

the witchcraft act was passed

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15
Q

what act was passed in 1542

A

the witchcraft act

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16
Q

what was the 1542 witchcraft act

A

defined witchcraft as a crime punishable by death

It was repealed five years later, but restored by a new Act in 1562.

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17
Q

when was the 1542 witchcraft act repealed *

A

five years later - 1547

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18
Q

when did the witchcraft act come back

A

restored by a new Act in 1562.

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19
Q

what monarch passed the 1542 witchcraft act

A

henry viii

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20
Q

what happened in 1547 (2 possible answers)

A

the vagrancy act was passed

+ witchcraft act came back

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21
Q

what did the 1547 vagrancy act do

A

The Vagrancy Act stated that any able-bodied person who had not worked should be branded with a V, and sold into slavery for two years

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22
Q

what was a vagrant

A

a person who could work but chose not to, and having no fixed abode or lawful occupation, begged.

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23
Q

when was the vagrancy act passed

A

1547

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24
Q

what happened in the years 1642-49

A

the english civil war

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25
Q

when was the english civil war

A

1642-49

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26
Q

how many years did the civil war last

A

7 years

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27
Q

when did the civil war begin

A

1642

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28
Q

when did the civil war end

A

1649

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29
Q

key changes from medieval england

A
  • increase in price of food
  • increase in population
  • henry viii and the monasteries
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30
Q

how did an increase in food prices affect crime and punishment

A

increase in food prices made it harder for the poor to make ends meet leading to an increase in theft

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31
Q

how did population growth affect crime and punishment

A

increase in population lead to greater competition for jobs and an increase in crimes like vagrancy and vagabondage

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32
Q

how did the dissolutions of the monasteries affect crime and punishment

A

had a negative impact on poverty in england as part of the role of monasteries was charitable

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33
Q

what was the punishment for vagrancy

A

being branded with the letter v and being sold into slavery for 2 years this was later changed in 1570 to whipping and ear burning

34
Q

when did vagrants stop being sold into slavery

A

1570

35
Q

when did the punishments for vagrants change

A

1570

36
Q

what was heresy

A

holding different religious beliefs to the monarch

37
Q

3 factors that led to witch trials

A
  • RELIGION - reformation and catholicism v protestantism
  • SOCIAL - divide between rich and poor , hostility towards women
  • POLITICAL - disorder and chaos of civil war period
38
Q

how did religion lead to the witch trials

A

tensions rising between catholics and protestants - ppl feared the old religion -catholics

39
Q

who was matthew hopkins

A
  • witchfinder general who led essex witch hunts in years 1644-46
  • interrogated accused by depriving them of sleeo food and water
  • lead to 112 ppl being executed as witches
40
Q

what event arguably lead to the bloody code

A

the english civil war

41
Q

how did the civil wars help cause the bloody code

A

after civil wars members of parliament and many rich landowners had a more power and influence over law making and used this power to protect what they had

42
Q

how many crimes were punishable by death during the bloody code

A

220 by 1776

43
Q

when did bloody code crimes reach 220

A

1776

44
Q

how many crimes were punishable by death by the late 1600s

A

around 50

45
Q

when were crimes punishable by death around 50

A

late 1600s

46
Q

when did the bloody code start

A

1688

47
Q

when did the bloody code end

A

1815 (industrial britain)

48
Q

how long was the bloody code

A

127 years

49
Q

when was the monarchy restored

A

1660

50
Q

how did the creation of the printing press cause hatred towards vagrants

A

used to make pamphlets warning people about dangerous gangs of vagrants and blaming them for crime

51
Q

when was the printing press made

A

1476

52
Q

what was brought to england in 1476

A

the printing press

53
Q

how did religion cause hatred towards vagrants

A

puritans (strict protestants) believed that idleness was wrong and it was a sin not to find work

54
Q

how did poor rates affect peoples opinions on vagrants

A

people didnt like the idea of their poor rates being spent on people from outside their own parish

55
Q

when did witchcraft first become a crime

A

1542

56
Q

when were witchcraft accusations at their highest

A

during times of poor harvests and plagues

57
Q

continuity from medieval

A
  • crime of heresy
  • crime of treason
58
Q

religious changes made by mary 1

A
  • tried to restore catholisism to england
  • 300 ppl executed for heresy
59
Q

changes made by elizabeth 1

A
  • 1601 poor law
60
Q

changes made by james 1

A
  • introduced strict anticatholic laws i.e 1605 popish recusants act forced catholics to swear loyalty to king and face heavy fines not going to church
61
Q

what law was introduced in 1605

A

1605 popish recusants act forced catholics to swear loyalty to king and face heavy fines not going to church

62
Q

what was the popish recusants act

A

1605 popish recusants act forced catholics to swear loyalty to king and face heavy fines not going to church

63
Q

summarise result of the english civil war

A
  • won by oliver cromwell a puritan who became lord protector years 1653-58
64
Q

when was oliver cromwell lord protector

A

1653-58

65
Q

legal consequences of civil war

A
  • christmas band
  • alcohol banned
66
Q

social consequences of civil war

A
  • the economic and political chaos of the war created a climate of fear causing people to look to supersticious ideas
67
Q

3 new law enforcement

A
  • nightwatchmen
  • town constables
  • professional thief takers
68
Q

night watchmen

A
  • all men expected to do it unpaid
  • patrol an are from 10pm to dawn
  • ring a bell to warn ppl to go home
69
Q

town constables

A
  • employed by local authorities
  • could arrest suspects without from jps
70
Q

professional thief takers

A

paid by a victim of a crime to catch a criminal and deliver them to the law

71
Q

what was the new punishment for vagrants

A

whipping

72
Q

2 reasons for a decline in witchcraft accusations

A
  • matthew hopkins died in 1647 helping hysteria to die down
  • enlightenment happened in the second half of 17th cent as more scientific ideas replaced supersticion
73
Q

2 anticatholic laws as result of gunpowder plot

A
  • popish recusants act (1605) made all catholics swear allegiance to king and face fines for not going to church
  • catholics banned from voting until 1829 (same yr as met police)
74
Q

what happened during the gunpwder plot

A

-

75
Q

3 main punishments

A
  • bloody code
  • early prisons
  • transportation to north america
76
Q

transportation to north america

A
  • servere punishment 7-14 years hard labour
  • authorities favoured it as it was a good deterrent and prison system wasnt effective
77
Q

when was bridewell prison built

A

1556

78
Q

bridewells

A

As a response to the growing concerns about vagrancy, Bridewell Palace in London was turned into a prison in 1556. It was used to house vagrants. They were forced to work or were physically punished if they refused.

79
Q

number of capital crimes 1820

A

200

80
Q

causes for the bloody code

A

ppl believed that their property was at risk due to:
- a high number of vagrants
- an increase in the amount of highway robbery

Social and demographic changes made it harder to find criminals and enforce the law i.e :
- increases in the population
- increases in travel

History crime and punishment (4 decks)

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