TOPIC 1A: coastal landscapes and processes 🏝️

Question 1

How can industry affect coastal landscapes ?

Hint: quarries

Answer 1

• coastal quarries expose large area of rock.
• this makes rock more vulnerable to chemical weathering, and erosion

Question 2

How can urbanisation affect coastal landscapes ?

Answer 2

• Because coastal areas are popular places to live + work, they normally have lots of development.

Question 3

How can agriculture affect coastal landscapes ?

Hint: unprotected

Answer 3

• agricultural land has a low economic value, which is often unprotected and vulnerable to erosion.

Question 4

How can coastal flooding affect people ?

Hint: tourism.

Answer 4

coastal flooding:

• because of flood damage, coastal industries may be shut down, which can affect tourism, because flooding can put people off visiting.

Question 5

How can coastal retreat and coastal flooding affect the environment ?

Hint: force of floodwater, bar eroded

Answer 5

coastal flooding:

• force of floodwater can uproot trees and plants. [; standing floodwater can also drown
  plants]

Coastal recession:

• coastal recession threatens conservation areas such as lagoons.
• For example, if the bar that seperates a lagoon to the sea is eroded, this can connect a lagoon to sea- destroying ecosystems.

Question 6

What is soft engineering ?

Hint: schemes are set up

Answer 6

• soft engineering, is when schemes are set up, using knowledge of the sea [and its processes] to reduce the effect of erosion.

Question 7

What is hard engineering ?

Answer 7

• hard engineering, is man made structures that are built to control flow of sea and reduce flooding or erosion.

Question 8

What are the advantages and disadvantages of sea walls?

Answer 8

Advantages:

• sea walls prevents erosion of the coast.
• sea walls also act as a barrier to prevent flooding.

Disadvantages:

• ; sea walls also create a strong backwash- that erodes under wall
• furthermore, sea walls are also expensive to build and maintain

Question 9

What are the advantages and disadvantages of rock armour?

Answer 9

Advantages:

• cheap
• reduces erosion/flooding, by absorbing wave energy

Disadvantages:

• boulders need to be replaced because they can be moved around by strong waves.

Question 10

What are the advantages of groynes ?

Answer 10

Advantages:

• groynes are a fairly cheap defense and, they protect the land from flooding and erosion [by creating wider beaches, which slow down the waves]

Question 11

What are the advantages and disadvantages of beach nourishment ?

Answer 11

Advantages: created wider beaches which slow the waves- gives greater protection from flooding and erosion

Disadvantages:

• very expensive + has to be repeated.

Question 12

What are the advantages and disadvantages of managed retreat?

Answer 12

Advantages:

• marshland can also provide new habitats for plants + animals.

Disadvantages: saltwater can damage existing ecosystems

Question 13

How can coastal recession affect people ?

Answer 13

• coastal recession:
• as the sea is closer to settlements, they are less protected by beaches and cliffs during storms, which increases the risk of a flood
• risk of damage to infrastructure, such as roads + rail networks

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of groynes ?

Answer 14

Disadvantages:

• ; groynes can starve beaches further down the coast of sand- makes the, narrower.
• this means narrower beaches don’t protect as well, leading to greater erosion and floods**