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fundamentals of nursing > exam 3: chapter 41 (fluid and electrolytes) > Flashcards

exam 3: chapter 41 (fluid and electrolytes) Flashcards

1
Q

total body water is __ to __ of body weight

A

50%; 60%

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2
Q

__ (ICF/ECF) is fluid w/in cells

A

ICF

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3
Q

ICF makes __ (70%/30%)

A

70%

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4
Q

__ (ICF/ECF) is fluid outside cells

A

ECF

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5
Q

__ (ICF/ECF) makes up __ (70%/30%) and includes __ and __ fluids

A

ECF; 30%; intravascular; interstitial

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6
Q

normal value for sodium (na) electrolytes

A

135-145 mEq/L

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7
Q

normal values for potassium (k)

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

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8
Q

normal values for calcium (ca)

A

8.6-10.2 mg/dL

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9
Q

normal values for magnesium (mg)

A

1.3-2.3 mEq/L

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10
Q

fluid volume deficit can either be __ or __ of electrolytes

A

volume; distribution

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11
Q

__ (hypovolemia/dehydration/third-space fluid shift) is deficiency in amount of water and electrolytes in ECF with near-normal water/electrolyte proportions

A

hypovolemia

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12
Q

__ (hypovolemia/dehydration/third-space fluid shift) is the distributional shift of body fluids into potential body spaces

A

third-space fluid shift

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13
Q

__ (hypovolemia/dehydration/third-space fluid shift) is decreased volume of water and electrolyte change

A

dehydration

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14
Q

water loss = sodium loss is indicative of (hypotonic/isotonic/hypertonic) dehydration

A

isotonic

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15
Q

vomiting and diarrhea are causes of __ (isotonic/hypotonic/hypertonic) dehydration

A

isotonic

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16
Q

a cbc is used for __

A

isotonic dehydration

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17
Q

expected sodium levels (mEq/L) are between:

A

130-150

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18
Q

if sodium loss is greater than water loss, this is __ (isotonic/hypotonic/hypertonic)

A

hypotonic

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19
Q

if there is more sodium inside the cells than outside, with fluid being pushed into the cells, this is called __ (isotonic/isonatremic/hyponatremic)

A

hyponatremic

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20
Q

severe, prolonged vomiting and diarrhea, renal disease, burns, diluted formula, iv hypo electrolyte fluids are all causes of __ (isotonic/hypotonic/hypertonic) dehydration

A

hypotonic

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21
Q

expected sodium (mEq/L) for hyponatremia is:

A

<130

22
Q

chem 10 and serum specific gravity is used for __

A

hyponatremic dehydration

23
Q

when water loss is less than sodium loss, and there is more na outside the cells than inside, this is called __ dehyrdration

A

hypertonic

24
Q

diabetes insipidus, concentrated formula, and iv hyperelectrolyte fluids are causes of __ dehydration

A

hypernatremic

25
Q

the expected na (mEq/L) for hypernatremic dehydration is:

A

> 150

26
Q

a urinalysis and urine specific gravity is used for __

A

hypernatremia

27
Q

__ (hypervolemia/overhydration/edema/interstitial-to-plasma-shift) is excessive retention of water and sodium in ECF

A

hypervolemia

28
Q

__ (hypervolemia/overhydration/edema/interstitial-to-plasma-shift) is excessive ECF accumulates in interstitial spaced and tissue expansion

A

edema

29
Q

__ (hypervolemia/overhydration/edema/interstitial-to-plasma-shift) is above-normal amounts of water in extracellular spaces

A

overhydration

30
Q

__ (hypervolemia/overhydration/edema/interstitial-to-plasma-shift) is movement of fluid from space surrounding cells to blood

A

interstitial-to-plasma-shift

31
Q

the most abundant electrolyte in the ECF is __ (na/mg/ca/k)

A

na

32
Q

__ (na/mg/k/ca) controls h20 distribution

A

na

33
Q

a loss or gain of __ (na/mg/ca/k) means a loss/gain of h2o

A

na

34
Q

__ (hypernatremia/hyponatremia) is related to:
- severe vomiting, diarrhea
- excessive sweating
- water intoxication
- diuretics

A

hyponatremia

35
Q

the pt is confused, hypotensive, feels nauseous and is vomiting, and complains of muscle weakness and cramps. their sodium levels are 115 mEq/L. later on, she is lethargic, has muscle twicthing, and hemiparesis. what do they have?

A

hypontremia

36
Q

a pt is having seizures and is at risk for permanent neuro damage. what nursing intervention must the nurse implicate? select all that apply.
- push IV
- encourage foods with na
- na replacement
- monitor na+ level and specific gravity
- hypertonic iv fluids - 0.9%NS, 3%NS
- H2O restriction
- seizure precautions if severe

A
  • encourage foods with na
  • na replacement
  • monitor na+ level and specific gravity
  • hypertonic iv fluids - 0.9%NS, 3%NS
  • H2O restriction
  • seizure precautions if severe
37
Q

__ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia) is related to na gain/loss and lack of fluids, diarrhea, and burns

A

hypernatremia

38
Q

a pt is very thirsty (major symptom). she complains of restlessness, weakness, dry sticky mucous membranes, and has a fever. when talking to the nurse, she seemed disoriented, and reported having delusions and hallucinations. The pt is tachycardic and has postural hypotension. What does the pt have?

A

hypernatremia

39
Q

neurologic impairment - brain damage - is a sign of hypernatremia. true or false.

A

true

40
Q

the pt is very thirsty, has tachycardia, and postural hypotension. How would you treat them?

A
  • iv fluids with low/no na (D5W; 0.45%NS, 0.225%NS)
  • restrict na
  • monitor na and specific gravity
  • diuretics
41
Q

the major intracellular electrolyte is __ (na/mg/k/ca)

A

k

42
Q

__ (na/mg/ca/k) stimulates nerve cells and muscle function

A

k

43
Q

cardiac conduction is related to potassium. true or false.

A

true

44
Q

with k, imbalances can occur __ (slowly/quickly)

A

quickly

45
Q

small shifts DO NOT have a significant impact with potassium. true or false.

A

false

46
Q

a pt comes in with muscle weakness, leg cramps, and paresthesias (numb.tingling). they also have dysrhythmias and irregular pulses. what does the pt have? (hypernatremia/hyponatremia/hypokalemia/hyperkalemia)

A

hypokalemia

47
Q

how would you treat a pt with hypokalemia?

A
  • replace k+ (<40 mEq/L in 1L IV bag, bolus)
  • NEVER GIVE IV PUSH
  • IV irritates veins
  • mixed by pharmacy
48
Q

a pt complains of muscle weakness and is at risk for paralysis and cardiac dysrhythmias. What does the pt have?

A

hyperkalemia

49
Q

a pt has mild hyperkalemia (<6 mEq/L). what is the appropriate nursing intervention?
a. insulin and dextrose
b. dialysis
c. stop K intake or K-sparing meds
d. give IV push

A

c. stop K intake or K-sparing meds

50
Q

a pt has severe hyperkalemia. what are the appropriate nursing interventions to treat it? select all that apply.
a. sodium bicarb
b. stop k intake
c. dialysis
d. na polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate) oral or enema
e. insulin and dextrose

A

a, c, d, and e

51
Q

cardiac conduction
nerve impulse control
blood clotting
muscle contraction
b12 absorption

are all r/t __ (na/ca/mg/k)

A

ca

fundamentals of nursing (17 decks)

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