Developmental Psychology

Question 1

in human conception, another name for the fertilized egg is

Answer 1

zygote

Question 2

at about 6 to 7 months, an infant starts rhythmically repeating various syllables, this is called

Answer 2

babbling

Question 3

according to Piaget’s theory, children are in the ____ stage if they have symbolic ability but lack conservation

Answer 3

preoperational

Question 4

according to Piaget, _____ is the interpretation of new experiences in terms of present schemas, and ___ is the modification of present schemas to fit with the new experiences.

Answer 4

assimilation, accommodation

Question 5

Vygotsky’s term for the difference between what a child can actually do and what the child can do with the help of others is

Answer 5

zone of proximal development

Question 6

in a _____ study, people of different ages are studied at one point in time and compared with another

Answer 6

cross-sectional

Question 7

according to Kohlberg, a person who complies with rules and laws to avoid punishment is in the ____ level

Answer 7

preconventional

Question 8

according to Ainsworth, a child who shows little distress when the mother leaves in the Srange Situation procedure and neglects her when she returned has developed a(n) ___ attachment.

Answer 8

insecure-avoidant

Question 9

which of the following parenting styles is most positively related to academic success, happiness, independence, and self-confidence?

Answer 9

authoritative

Question 10

according to Erikson’s theory, ____ is the issue that a person faces during adolescence

Answer 10

identity vs. role confusion

Question 11

during the ____ stage of prenatal development, the body structures and organs complete their growth

Answer 11

fetal

Question 12

a decrease in physiological responding to a stimulus once it becomes familiar is called ____

Answer 12

habituation

Question 13

Johnny who are only 4 years old stands in front of you blocking the view of the tv but he does not realize he is doing so. he thinks his view is the same as yours. Johnny is displaying ___ and is in Piaget’s ___ stage of development.

Answer 13

egocentrism, preoperational

Question 14

michelle who is 18 months old has a pet dog named sam. after she learns the name of her dog, she calls all of the dogs she sees sam. she is demonstrating

Answer 14

overextension

Question 15

studies of intelligence in adulthood reveal that fluid intelligence abilities ___ with age and crystalized intelligence abilities ____ with age.

Answer 15

decrease, increase

Question 16

infants learn that they can or cannot trust others to take care of their basic needs

Answer 16

trust v mistrust

Question 17

children learn to be self-sufficient in many activities. if restrained, they learn to doubt their abilities.

Answer 17

autonomy v shame and doubt

Question 18

children learn to assume more responsibility by taking initiative but will feel guilty if limits are overstepped.

Answer 18

initiative v guilt

Question 19

children learn to be competent by mastering new skills or feel inferior if they fail to develop skills

Answer 19

industry v inferiority

Question 20

adolescents develop a sense of identity by experimenting with different roles. no role experimentation might result in role confusion.

Answer 20

identity v role confusion

Question 21

young adults form intimate relationships with others or become isolated because of failure to do so

Answer 21

intimacy v isolation

Question 22

middle-aged adults feel they are helping the next generation through their work and children rearing, or they stagnate because they feel that they are not helping

Answer 22

generativity v stagnation

Question 23

older adults assess their lives and develop integrity if they feel their lives have been meaningful and despair if not meaningful

Answer 23

integrity v despair

Question 24

compliance with rules to avoid punishment obtains rewards

Answer 24

preconventional

Question 25

engages in behavior to get approval of others, behavior is guided by duty to uphold laws for their own sake

Answer 25

conventional

Question 26

obeys rules for social order, violating universal ethical principles

Answer 26

post-conventional

Question 27

children use senses and motor abilities to learn about the world and develop object permanence

Answer 27

sensorimotor

Question 28

children use symbolic thinking to understand the world but remain egocentric and lack mental operations that allow logical thinking

Answer 28

preoperational

Question 29

children gain cognitive operations for logical thinking but cannot reason abstractly

Answer 29

concrete operational

Question 30

further development of cognitive operations enables adolescents to engage in abstract thinking and reasoning

Answer 30

formal operational