OCD Flashcards
What is the 3 essential diagnostic criteria for OCD
- Presence of persistent obsessions and/or compulsions.
- Obsessions and compulsions are time-consuming
- The symptoms or behaviours are not a manifestation of another medical condition
define obsessions
Obsessions are repetitive and persistent thoughts (e.g., of contamination), images (e.g., of violent scenes), or impulses/urges (e.g., to stab someone) that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted, and are commonly associated with anxiety. The individual typically attempts to ignore or suppress obsessions or to neutralize them by performing compulsions.
Repetitive, persistent, intrusive, unwanted, anxiety.
define compulsions
Compulsions are repetitive behaviours or rituals, including repetitive mental acts, that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, according to rigid rules, or to achieve a sense of ‘completeness’. Examples of overt behaviours include repetitive washing, checking, and ordering of objects. Examples of analogous mental acts include mentally repeating specific phrases in order to prevent negative outcomes, reviewing a memory to make sure that one has caused no harm, and mentally counting objects. Compulsions are either not connected in a realistic way to the feared event (e.g., arranging items symmetrically to prevent harm to a loved one) or are clearly excessive (e.g., showering daily for hours to prevent illness).
repetitive behaviours or rituals, that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession,
what do we mean by “Obsessions and compulsions are time-consuming”
Obsessions and compulsions are time-consuming (e.g., take more than 1 hour per day) or result in significant distress or significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. If functioning is maintained, it is only through significant additional effort.
what do we mean by “The symptoms or behaviours are not a manifestation of another medical condition “
The symptoms or behaviours are not a manifestation of another medical condition (e.g., basal ganglia ischemic stroke) and are not due to the effects of a substance or medication on the central nervous system (e.g., amphetamine), including withdrawal effects.
PANDAS
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections
Onset of OCD before age ten is more common in which gender
Onset before age 10 is more common among males (approximately 25%), whereas adolescent onset is more likely among females.
Which gender is more likely to experience co-occurring primary tic disorders?
Males are more likely to experience co-occurring primary tic disorders.
Approximately what percentage of people with onset of childhood obsessive compulsive disorder will experience full remission by early adulthood?
Although childhood-onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder typically follows a chronic course, particularly if left untreated, symptoms tend to wax and wane and many (approximately 40%) experience full remission by early adulthood.
Up to ____ percent of all individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder will also experience Tourette Syndrome or another primary tic disorder during their lifetime.
Among children and adolescents, the course of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is frequently complicated by the co-occurrence of other mental disorders, the presence of which may affect identification of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder among youth.
Up to 30% of all individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder will also experience Tourette Syndrome or another primary tic disorder during their lifetime.
what are the 5 factors which apply to people known to be at higher risk of BDD
Depression
OCD
Social Phobia
Eating disorder
Alcohol or substance use
what is the psychological therapy of choice in OCD?
CBT
ERP
What class of antidepressants is used to treat OCD?
SSRIs-high dose usually needed
Licensed: Escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline
Clomipramine – (but try SSRI first)
Prevalence of OCD in the UK
It is thought that around 1.3% of the population in the UK suffer with the condition. (McManus et al, 2016)
what are some common obsessions and compulsions
Checking – 63%
Washing – 50%
Contamination – 45%
-Obsession – concerns with dirt, germ exposure, fears of illness
-Compulsion – cleaning rituals
Doubting – 42%
Bodily fears – 36%
Counting – 36%
Insistence on symmetry – 31%
Aggressive thoughts – 28%
