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sociology > Action Theories > Flashcards

Action Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Briefly outline the position of action theories.

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2
Q

Briefly outline the two levels that an adequate sociological explanation involves, using the example of ‘The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism’.

A
  • The level of cause:

- The level of meaning:

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3
Q

Briefly outline Weber’s four types of action. Give an example of each type.

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  • Instrumentally rational action:
  • Value-rational action:
  • Traditional action:
  • Affectual action:
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4
Q

In what way does Weber’s view corect the over-emphasis on structural factors of other perspectives?

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5
Q

Briefly outline three criticisms of Weber.

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6
Q

What is the focus of symbolic interactionism?

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7
Q

According to Mead, how do we create meanings?

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8
Q

Briefly explain what is meant by the interpretive phase. Use an example to illustrate your explanation.

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9
Q

Briefly explain what is meant by ‘taking the role of the other’.

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10
Q

Define ‘significant other’.

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11
Q

Define ‘generalised other’.

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12
Q

According to Mead, what do we need in order for us to function as a member of society?

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13
Q

Briefly outline Blumer’s three key principles.

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14
Q

According to Blumer, why is our action partly predictable?

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15
Q

Briefly outline the following interactionist concept that underpins the labelling theory. Give an example to illustrate these concepts.
- The definition of the situation

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16
Q

Briefly outline the following interactionist concept that underpins the labelling theory. Give an example to illustrate these concepts.
- The looking glass self

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17
Q

Briefly outline the following interactionist concept that underpins the labelling theory. Give an example to illustrate these concepts.
- Career

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18
Q

Briefly explain why labelling theory is regarded as a voluntaristic theory.

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19
Q

Why might labelling theory be seen as deterministic?

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20
Q

What is meant by the dramaturgical model?

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21
Q

According to Goffman, how are we able to present a particular image of ourselves to our audience?

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22
Q

Give five examples of impression management techniques that social actors use.

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23
Q

Use examples to show what Goffman means by the following terms:

  • Front stage
  • Backstage
A

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24
Q

How does Goffman’s view of roles differ from that of functionalism?

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25
Q

Briefly explain what Goffman means by role distance. Why might it mean that social actor’s role performances are cynical or calculating?

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26
Q

How does interactionism avoid the determinism of structural theories?

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27
Q

What do critics of interactionist theory say that it ignores?

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28
Q

Briefly outline Reynolds’ criticism of interactionism.

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29
Q

Briefly outline a criticism of Weber’s category of traditional action.

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30
Q

Briefly outline a criticism of Goffman’s dramaturgical analogy.

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31
Q

What is meant in philosophy in ‘phenomenon’?

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32
Q

According to Husserl, how do we impose meaning and order on the world?

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33
Q

Briefly outline what Schutz means by typifications.

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34
Q

Using an example, explain why meanings may be unclear.

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35
Q

Briefly explain how typifications stabilise and clarify meanings. Use an example to illustrate your explanation.

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36
Q

Briefly explain what Schutz means by ‘recipe knowledge’.

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37
Q

Briefly explain what Schutz means by the ‘natural attitude’. Use an example to illustrate your explanation.

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38
Q

Briefly explain Berger and Luckmann’s criticism of Schutz.

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39
Q

According to Garfinkel, how is social order created?

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40
Q

How does Garfinkel’s view differ from that of functionalists such as Parsons?

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41
Q

How does ethnomethodology differ from interactionism?

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42
Q

Briefly explain what Garfinkel means by indexicality.

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43
Q

Why is indexicality a threat to social order?

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44
Q

What is meant by reflexivity?

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45
Q

Why is language vital in achieving reflexivity?

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46
Q

Using an example, briefly explain what a ‘breaching experiment’ is.

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47
Q

According to Garfinkel, in what way do breaching experiments show that social order is not inevitable but an accomplishment?

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48
Q

How do coroners use reflexivity (commonsense knowledge) when classifying deaths as suicides?

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49
Q

According to Garfinkel, what is the effect on humans striving to impose order by seeking patterns?

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50
Q

Briefly outline Garfinkel’s criticism of conventional sociology. How can his criticism be applied to Durkheim’s theory of suicide?

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51
Q

Outline four criticisms of ethnomethodology.

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52
Q

Briefly outline the characteristics of structural theories.

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53
Q

Briefly outline the characteristics of action theories.

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54
Q

Briefly explain what Giddens means by duality of structure.

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55
Q

According to Giddens, what is structuration? Use an example to illustrate this concept.

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56
Q

Briefly outline the following elements of structure for Giddens:

  • Rules
  • Resources
A
  • Rules:

- Resources:

57
Q

Briefly explain Giddens’ two reasons why actions tend to reproduce structures.

A

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58
Q

Briefly explain two ways in which agency can change the structure of society.

A

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59
Q

According to Archer, why is Giddens wrong to imply that actors can change structures simply by deciding to do so? Use and example to illustrate your answer.

A

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60
Q

According to Craib, why is structuration theory not really a theory at all?

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sociology (45 decks)

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