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Physiology 314 - CNS > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
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A
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3
Q

Each nerve to be assessed by:

A

Anatomical hallmarks
Innervation sensory
Innervation motor
Test + signs for its damage

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4
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5
Q

I - olfactory nerve
Anatomical hallmarks

A

Cribiform plate, no true peripheral nerve but extensions from CNS

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6
Q

I - olfactory nerve
Sensory innervation

A

smell

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7
Q

I- olfactory nerve
Damage

A

The olfactory nerve (ON) is the only cranial nerve exposed to the external environment. Hence, it is susceptible to damage from head trauma, viral infection, inflammatory stimulation, and chemical toxins, which can lead to olfactory dysfunction.

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8
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9
Q

II - Optic nerve
Anatomical hallmarks

A

no true peripheral nerve but extension of CNS

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10
Q

II - Optic nerve
Sensory innervation:

A

visual information from eyes

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11
Q

II - Optic nerve
Damage

A

Optic neuritis occurs when swelling (inflammation) damages the optic nerve — a bundle of nerve fibers that transmits visual information from your eye to your brain. Common symptoms of optic neuritis include pain with eye movement and temporary vision loss in one eye.

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12
Q

III, IV and V Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducent nerve

A
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13
Q

III, IV, V - Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducent nerve
Motor supply

A

eye movement

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14
Q

III, IV, V - Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducent nerve
Damage

A

Third nerve damage in the interpeduncular or subarachnoid space generally causes total third nerve paralysis.

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15
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16
Q

III - Oculomotor
Motor innervation

A

eye muscles, eye lid (Levator palpebrae superioris) pupillary sphincter, ciliary muscle (parasympathetic)

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17
Q

III - Oculomotor
Test + signs for its damage

A

“Atropina belladonna” (atropin-inhibits parasympathetic system, 2-5 berries –> lethal in children)

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18
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19
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20
Q

IV - Trochlear nerve
Motor innervation

A

Superior oblique

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21
Q

IV - Trochlear nerve
Test + signs for its damage:

A

Patients with trochlear nerve palsy complain of double vision vertically (vertical diplopia) or the images being tilted or rotated (torsional diplopia). The diplopia is binocular and may worsen or improve in different gazes.

The oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves are tested by holding a pen or finger 30-40 cm in front of the patient in an H pattern. [1] The patient should follow the target with their eyes, carefully keeping their head still. Any eye deviation, abnormal head posture, or nystagmus should be noted.

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22
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23
Q

V-Trigeminal Nerve
Anatomical hallmarks

A

3 exit points

24
Q

V-Trigeminal Nerve
Sensory innervation

A

facial skin, mouth

25
Q

V-Trigeminal Nerve
Motor innervation

A

muscles of mastication

26
Q

V-Trigeminal Nerve
Test + signs for its damage:

A

whistle, pressure points

27
Q
A
28
Q

VI-Abducent nerve
Anatomical hallmarks

A

follows long extradural course

29
Q

VI-Abducent nerve
Motor innervation

A

eye movement (Lateral rectus)

30
Q

VI-Abducent nerve
Test + signs for its damage:

A

deviated superiorly

31
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A
32
Q

VII - Facial Nerve
Innervation

A

parasympathetic innervation of lacrimal and salivary gland

33
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A
34
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VII - Facial Nerve

A
35
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VII - Facial Nerve
Anatomical hallmarks

A

through temporal bone, parotid gland

36
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VII - Facial Nerve
Sensory innervation

A

Ear
Taste (Chorda tympany)
Lacrimal and salivary glands (parasympathetic)

37
Q

VII - Facial Nerve
Motor innervation

A

facial muscles

38
Q

VII - Facial Nerve
Test + signs for its damage:

A

hanging mouth, eye remains open, taste, sound-sensitized

39
Q
A
40
Q

VIII-vestibulocochlear

A
41
Q

VIII - vestibulocochlear
Sensory innervation

A

Hearing and equilibrium

42
Q

VIII - vestibulocochlear
Test + signs for its damage:

A

hear impairment/deaf
Nystagmus, vomiting

43
Q
A
44
Q

IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Sensory innervation

A

oral cavity, tongue (last 1/3bitter)
Pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors
Parasympathetic: parotid gland

45
Q

IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve
motor innervation

A

swallowing muscle

46
Q

IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Test+signs for its damage:

A

bitter taste lost,
Swallowing: fluid leaking out of nose, nasal vocal speech, dry mouth (parotis)

47
Q
A
48
Q

X-Vagus Nerve is a large

A

visceral efferent component

49
Q

X-Vagus Nerve
Sensory innervation

A

skin of ear (inner/ear test)
Visceral efferent to many organs, muscles, glands

50
Q

X-Vagus Nerve
Motor innervation

A

paryngeal and laryngeal muscle

51
Q

X-Vagus Nerve
Test/damage:

A

Loss of voice

52
Q

XI-Accessory Nerve
Motor innervation

A

trapezius, sternocleidomastoid

53
Q

XI-Accessory Nerve
Test + signs for its damage:

A

trapezius posterior view

54
Q
A
55
Q

XII-Hypoglossal Nerve
Motor innervation

A

tongue muscles

56
Q

XII-Hypoglossal Nerve
Test + signs for its damage:

A

tongue direction towards side of lesion

Physiology 314 - CNS (9 decks)

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