Ecology & Conservation

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

-the study of interactions among organisms
(whether its the same species or different species)

Question 2

biotic interactions

Answer 2

-interactions among living things

Question 3

abiotic interactions

Answer 3

-interactions between organisms and their nonliving environment

Question 4

environmental science

Answer 4

-application of ecology to the real world environment

Question 5

Scale of ecology (levels)

Answer 5

-individual organism, population, community, and ecosystem

Question 6

iteroparous (reproductive type)

Answer 6

-reproductive type where the animal reproduces one at a time
-can be continuous or seasonal

Question 7

semelparous (reproductive type)

Answer 7

-reproductive type where the animal reproduces all at once

Question 8

competitive exclusion

Answer 8

-survival of the fittest

Question 9

character displacement

Answer 9

-movement of habitat when the species can no longer get resources or reproduce due to competition

Question 10

interference competition

Answer 10

-intimidation & physical force

Question 11

resource competition

Answer 11

-limited resource causes competition

Question 12

exploitation competition

Answer 12

-consumption and limited resource

Question 13

allopatric speciation

Answer 13

-when a species spreads out geographically

Question 14

sympatric speciation

Answer 14

-when a species clumps together in a single group and area

Question 15

many eyes hypothesis

Answer 15

-when in a group they spend less time being vigilant and more time feeding and reproducing
-ex. meerkats sacrificing to make a call for the group

Question 16

R- selected species

Answer 16

-high growth rate but low survivability (cheap offspring)

Question 17

K selected species

Answer 17

-low growth rate but high survivability (expensive offspring)

Question 18

megadiversity

Answer 18

-high level of diversity in a given area

Question 19

biodiversity hot spots

Answer 19

areas characterized by both high levels of diversity and diversity loss

Question 20

representative species

Answer 20

-a species of organism that represents a larger group

Question 21

fundamental niches

Answer 21

-represents the environmental conditions the species can live in

Question 22

realized niche

Answer 22

-represents the resources and environment the species can access due to pressures from other species

Question 23

mark recapture equation

Answer 23

total= (# of marked first catch x total of second catch) / (# of marked recaptures in second catch)

Question 24

main biome of europe

Answer 24

-temperate deciduous forest

Question 25

Altruistic behavior

Answer 25

-when an organism acts at the cost of oneself for the benefits of the group
-this also helps genetic diversity and results to little to no interbreeding

Question 26

3 mechanisms of migration

Answer 26

-navigation
-orientation
-piloting

Question 27

navigation

Answer 27

-when animals follow internal compass but can also set or adjust path

Question 28

Orientation

Answer 28

-ability to follow internal compass, but can not set or adjust path

Question 29

Piloting

Answer 29

-animal moves from one familiar landmark to the next
-ex. gray whales may use coastline

Question 30

types of communication

Answer 30

-intimidation, auditory, visual, tactile

Question 31

intimidation

Answer 31

-when a species uses force or acts bigger to draw away competition
-ex. birds fluffing feathers and hippos opening their mouth

Question 32

Auditory

Answer 32

-ex. birds songs and human speech

Question 33

visual

Answer 33

-ex. bird dances and bees dancing

Question 34

tactile

Answer 34

-ex. mammals cuddling

Question 35

polyphagous

Answer 35

-a parasite that uses many hosts

Question 36

monophagous

Answer 36

-a parasite that uses only one host or a few closely related hosts

Question 37

redundancy hypothesis

Answer 37

-more than one species plays the given role in an ecosystem so if one species dies the other will still carry out the function

Question 38

organismal ecology

Answer 38

-study in the way individual organisms meet challenges in the environment

Question 39

physiological ecology(organismal ecology)

Answer 39

-how organisms are adapted to their environment and how the environment affects their species distribution