1.a Flashcards
How successful was the offshore wind farm in Liverpool Bay? What does Toxteth hope may happen?
The offshore wind farm in Liverpool Bay had issues regarding recruitment and lack of necessary technical/ job specific skills. Toxteth hopes for inward flows of investment (multiplier effect) but it’ll take substantial local and regional efforts to bring about socio-economic change to Toxteth itself.
How did Toxteth benefit from funding and investment?
EU funding via structural investment funds regarding Liverpool’s profile. E.g. the city’s low carbon sector has been expanding with employment created in offshore wind technology. The offshore wind farm in Liverpool Bay is the largest in Europe.
Describe the effect that shifting ideas played on for both Toxteth and Lympstone.
Toxteth: Attempted improvements; such as Merseyside Development Corporation, continued development in offshore wind farms (expanding employment in wind technology). Lympstone: Knowledge economy and the service sector. For example; meteorological office moved from Reading to Exeter in 2003; strong economic stimulus to the region; tertiary employment is growing in places like the university, major hospital, regional headquarters of many firms and organisations.
What impact did containerisation have on Toxteth?
In 1981, there were riots due to poverty. This poverty was caused by a lack of employment; as people were not needed for the trade industry that they were originally a part of.
What is containerisation?
Containerisation is the process by which moving things off and on ships became more efficient and easier.
Toxteth no longer has the advantages that its resources initially gave because of what process? Why was this bad for locals?
Containerisation (moving things off and on ships became more efficient and easier). This meant that Toxteth’s originally small-scale industry could now be done on a larger scale. Consequently, unemployment was common.
What industries dominated Toxteth?
Urban and industrial activities e.g. docks, forges, copper works, ceramics factories and ship-building yards. All of these resulted in TRADE dominating.
What were the natural resources that help shape the place profiles of Toxteth and Lympstone?
Toxteth: Water, flour and sugar. Water allowed power from the dammed stream, flour and sugar were milled and refined for trade. Lympstone: Geology (beaches) encouraged tourism.
What is a key aspect of a places ability to benefit from ideas?
A key aspect of a places ability to benefit from ideas is the educational achievements of its inhabitants. Where achievements are high, people find openings in the knowledge economy and vice versa.
How might a place participating fully in the knowledge economy be seen? What about those who don’t?
Places that can participate fully in the knowledge economy develop a distinctive place profile which suggests a thriving, lively place. Places that find it hard to take advantage of the knowledge economy can have profiles suggesting stagnation or decline.
What does ‘knowledge economy’ describe?
The term knowledge economy is used to describe wealth creating activities that gather, store and analyse knowledge e.g. finance, telecommunications, business services, education and health.
What is the service sector based on?
The service sector is based on ideas.
What plays a major role in place profile? Why?
Ideas help to shape a place profile. Place profiles are influenced by people so ideas can play a major role.
How can a TNC influence change in a place? Give an example.
Change can be brought about when a TNC either invests in a country or leaves it e.g. Shell in Nigeria are a grass rooted company that heavily supports the area.
What is the role of TNCs when it comes to money and investment? Give an example.
TNC’s operate internationally and move investment around e.g. Dyson moving away from the UK, causing unemployment for many employees.
What are the 4 scales that governments operate at?
Governments operate at a local, regional, national, and transnational scale.
What is a TNC?
A TNC is a transnational corporation.
In countries at all levels of development governments are an important source of investment in a place. What are 3 characteristics that they may spend money on in order to influence place profile?
In countries at all levels of development governments are an important source of investment in a place. Government spending on characteristics of places such as infrastructure, education, health and environment can greatly influence place profiles.
Name an example of how a resource established an area.
Birmingham was built around coal and industrial industries, but it is now a very diverse city.
Although a place may lose a resource, it can again gain a resource. What may happen if this occurs?
If a place gains a new resource then an upward spiral of development can occur.
What may happen if a place no longer has the advantages its resources once gave?
When a place no longer has the advantages a resource once gave, its profile can be characterised by decline (socio-economic, cultural, political or environmental).
What is a very strong resource that can influence place profile? Why?
Technology is a resource which strongly influences a places profile. The rise in electronic communication has given huge significance to quality of connectivity via the internet and mobile phones.
If a place is dependent on a resource, but the resource runs out - how can this be observed?
If the resource runs out, the place undergoes change. Evidence of its previous profile often persist e.g. the buildings.
Places possess different natural resources, what does this help? The local availability of mineral resources can lead to what?
Places possess different natural resources, which help to shape its place profile. The local availability of mineral resources, can lead to the establishment of a community focused on mining that mineral e.g. coal mining.
