individualistic theories affecting policy development Flashcards
1
Q
PSYCHOANALYSIS
it sees…
A
- a weak superego as the cause of crime as the individual lacks a moral force
2
Q
PSYCHOANALYSIS
policy involves…
A
- bringing unconscious conflicts and repressed emotions to the conscious mind to solve them
- freud used hypnosis and free association
3
Q
PSYCHOANALYSIS
aicchorn…
A
- 1936
- applied psychoanalytical ideas to police to treat young offenders
4
Q
PSYCHOANALYSIS
aicchorn - due to them…
A
- having uncaring or absent parents, they failed to develop loving relationships
- normal socialisation hadn’t taken place so they hadn’t developed a superego
5
Q
EYSENCK
criminals…
A
- tend to be strongly extrovert and neurotic
6
Q
EYSENCK
aversion therapy…
A
- used to treat sex offenders
7
Q
EYSENCK
as they are harder to condition, the conditioning needs to be stronger as follows:
A
- offenders are asked to think about an unacceptable sexual fantasy until they’re aroused
- a strongly aversive stimulus is administered, such as electric shock or nausea inducing drug
- procedure repeated until the offender comes to associate the deviant arousal and stimulus
8
Q
OPERANT LEARNING
criminal behaviour…
A
- is learnt through reinforcement and punishment
9
Q
OPERANT LEARNING
the token economy is…
A
- a behaviour modification programme
10
Q
OPERANT LEARNING
how it works
A
- institution draws up a list of desirable behaviours
- when offender behaves in that way, they earn a token
- tokens can be exchanged for rewards
- through this, good behaviour becomes more likely and undesirable behaviour is less likely
