LECTURE 22 - attention Flashcards
what test is used to measure attention ?
the gradual change test
what is the gradual change test ?
a scientific method used to investigate the effects of gradual changes in an independent variable on a dependent variable.
what happens in the gradual change test ?
the independent variable is changed gradually over time, and the effect of each change on the dependent variable is measured
what do researchers observe during the gradual changing test ?
how the dependent variable responds to small, incremental changes in the independent variable, and to identify any threshold levels or tipping points at which the response changes dramatically
what happens in the “gradual change test video” ?
- rock/bush flashing (only thing that changes in the video)
what is our attentional system better / worse at detecting in regards to changes ?
attentional system is very good at detecting unexpected/large changes whereas not so much for settle small change
what do Danial J. Simons’ videos depict ?
that were not very good at detecting our gradual scene change and the fact that the attentional system probably has a limited or a fixed capacity
describe the “monkey business illusion” video by Danial J. Simons :
- “how many times the people in white pass the ball”
- “did you spot the gorilla”
- gorilla walking through
- curtain changing colour
- one individual exits
how many times does the ball get passed in the “monkey business illusion” video ?
16 passes
“focalization and imitation of information processing resources” was said by who ?
schmidt and wrisberg
what is attention ?
refers to the ability to focus on a specific thing or task, while ignoring distractions
what’s defined attention ?
refer to attention that is intentionally directed to a specific task or goal.
the following is an example of what ?
“you are trying to solve a math problem”
defined attention (to block out distractions and focus solely on the problem at hand)
what is attention as a single resource ?
a concept in cognitive psychology that suggests that attention is a limited resource that we use to perform various cognitive tasks
what two factors do we have in attention as a single resource ?
- amount of attention supply required for TASK B
- amount of attention supply required for TASK A
what does it mean when you exceed the fixed capacity associated with your attentional system ?
that you are attempting to process more information than your attentional system can handle at a given moment
when is the amount of attention supply required for TASK A way larger in comparison to the amount of attention supply required for type B ?
when you are preforming a task that tales a lot of control
give an example of when there is a result of exceeded fixed capacity (TASK A > TASK B):
TASK A = driving while snowing with lots of traffic
TASK B = mom calling you in regards to when you will be home, desired food for dinner, etc.
give an example of when there is a not a result of exceeded fixed capacity (TASK A = TASK B):
TASK A = driving with no problems
TASK B = getting a call on hands free setup
describe the attention as a single resource : early theory
proposes that the bottleneck in our attentional system exists prior to our stimulus identification stage of information processing
what is the cocktail party phenomenon ?
is the ability to focus on a particular aspect of the environment while ignoring others.
how does the cocktail party phenomenon occur ?
It is thought to occur because the brain has the ability to identify the spatial location of a sound and use that information to selectively attend to one particular auditory stimulus while filtering out other stimuli.
the cocktail party phenomenon is an example of what ?
selective attention
describe the psychological refractory period ?
the period after response to a stimulus during which response to a second stimulus, presented shortly after the first, is delayed
how many stimulus are sent in (through the bottleneck) during the early theory ?
1 until hits bottleneck
how many stimulus are sent in (through the bottlekneck) during the late theory ?
multiple until hits bottleneck