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PS102 > chap 14: health psych > Flashcards

chap 14: health psych Flashcards

1
Q

biophysical model in health psych

A

influenced by bio, psych, social environ

covid 3rd leading cause of death

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2
Q

ACEs

A

adverse childhood experiences: survey abt phys, verbal, sexual abuse, phys and emotional neglect
- also family members: susb abuse, jail time, divorce, mental illness

if ACE score high, greater risk phys and psych disorders
- adopt risky behaviours, disease, disrupted neurodevelopment

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3
Q

acute vs chronic stressor

A

acute stressors: have definite endpoint i.e. exam

chronic stressors: LT, lacking endpoint i.e. poverty

our appraisal and perception of situations triggers emotional response

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4
Q

pressure

A

expectations to perform in certain way or conform

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5
Q

conflict

A

discomfort when 2+ goals are perceived as incompatible

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6
Q

types of conflict

A

approach-approach conflict: 2 equally desirable options

avoidance-avoidance: 2 equally bad options

approach-avoidance: choice has both good and bad qualities, i.e. go to movie, don’t study

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7
Q

feeling endangered

A

temp or LT stress, i.e. trapped in fire, car nearly crashes

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8
Q

change

A

some ppl more troubled y change than others, more change = more risk of illness

life changes: shifts that need adjustments, even positive ones i.e. marriage

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9
Q

traumatic events

A

unexpected events that cause extreme disruption

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10
Q

chronic -ve situations

A

i.e. living thru war, chronic illness

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11
Q

socio-cultural conditions

A

i.e. stress bcs of racism, misogyny

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12
Q

tend-and-befriend response

A

women have more social network, more likely to rely on social support to cope w stress than men

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13
Q

flight or fight response

A

physio response in sympathetic nervous system

pathway 1: SNS
- adrenal medulla activates, releasing norepinephrine and epinephrine
- cause inc hr, blood pressure, dec digestion

pathway 2: hypothalamic axis (HPA)
- stimulates pituitary gland, releases ACTH
- stims adrenal cortex to release cortisol
- inc blood sugar, metabolism

pathways occur simultaneously

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14
Q

prim vs secondary appraisal

A

primary appraisal: determine severity of stressor

secondary appraisal: appraise person’s resources and ability to cope

can result in threat or challenge appraisal

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15
Q

autonomic reactivity and stress

A

diffs in autonomic nervous system impacts rxns to stress

i.e. either high/low cardiovascular activity in response to stress

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16
Q

optimistic brand of pessimism

A

hope for best, prepare for worst

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17
Q

defensive pessimism

A

expect -ve outcome, prepare self to protect self

secretly want best, therefore some optimism

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18
Q

explanatory style

A

way of appraising/interpreting things, can be optimistic or pessimistic

19
Q

hardy/stress resistant personality

A

welcome challenge, take control and view stressor as growth

20
Q

type a

A

hostile, competitive, continuous stress

21
Q

type b

A

relaxed, less hostile, dec stress

22
Q

type c

A

don’t acknowledge -ve emotions, vulnerable to stress, internalize feelings

23
Q

type d

A

-ve feelings like worry, gloominess, “distressed”

24
Q

self-defense

A

avoidant, defensive behaviours to protect self i.e. pretending everyone else did as bad as uou

25
Q

meditation

A

turn consciousness from outside to internal cues

26
Q

self-indulgance

A

to cope, i.e. overeating or substances

27
Q

lashing out

A

phys or psych, result of being overwhelmed and release frustration

28
Q

constructive coping strategies

A

problem-focused: strats based on directly dealing w stressor, changing it in some way

emotion-focused: change feelings abt stressor i.e. cognitive reappraisal to make -ve into positive

29
Q

psychosomatic/psychophysiological disease

A

caused by interaction of psych and bio factors
- stress inhibits digestion, growth, tissue repair, immunity

30
Q

coronary heart disease

A

2nd leading cause of death after cancer, ppl 45+

inc risk in type a ppl, less in type b

emotional rxns can trigger cardiac symptoms in ppl w stable heart disease

myocardial infarction: heart attack

depressive disorders can inc disease, double chance

31
Q

lymphocytes

A

white blood cells

stress lowers wbc activity, dec ability to fight illness

32
Q

psychoneuroimmunology

A

studies link b/w stress, health, and immune system

33
Q

cytokines

A

released when body makes contact w pathogen

immune system produces anitbodies for LT protection against certain disease

34
Q

cortisol

A

inc cytokines for antibodies

if excess, leads to inflammation which can inc heart disease, stroke

35
Q

judith herman

A

says we must differentiate simple (1 event) vs complex ptsd

complex ptsd: prolongued experience, i.e. abuse, residential schools

36
Q

vulnerability to ptsd

A

can occur any age, influenced by ACEs

10% canadians, more likely in woemn

repeated trauma inc chances

more likely to get it from human actions than natural disaster

37
Q

bio factors in ptsd

A

biocehm rxns beyond fight/flight

  • inc cortisol and norepinephrine
  • exaggerated SNS response
  • smaller hippocampus or shrunk as result of biochem arousal
38
Q

what decs ptsd

A
  • if resilient, dec
  • if have social support, recover faster
  • cog processing therapy and prolongued exposure therapy for treatment
39
Q

eustress

A

optimal stress lvl, promotes psych and phys growth

40
Q

inoculation

A

dealing w small lvls of stress incs functioning in increasingly stressful situations

41
Q

how does anxiety impact tests

A
  1. anxiety interferes w task performance, esp if mod-complex difficulty
  2. dunning-kruger effect, ppl are unaware of knowledge gaps and anxiety/stress disrupts actual knowledge
42
Q

yerkes-dodson curve and tests

A
  • mod diff tasks benefit from mod stress lvls
  • complex tasks benefit from low stress
  • stress can inc performance
43
Q

how to address anxiety on tests

A
  1. inc knowledge of material so task is less complex, knowing more = less knowledge displaced
  2. dec anxiety via relaxation techniques

PS102 (9 decks)

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