Ch 12: Health and Safety

Question 1

Occupational injury

Answer 1

Any cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation resulting from a workplace accident or from an exposure involving an accident in the work environment

Question 2

Occupational illness

Answer 2

Any abnormal condition or disorder, other than one resulting from an occupational injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment

Question 3

Industrial Disease

Answer 3

A disease resulting from exposure to a substance relating to a particular process, trade, or occupation in industry

Question 4

What act covers almost all employees in Ontario?

Answer 4

Occupational Health and Safety Act

Question 5

Incidence rate formula

Answer 5

(# of injuries/illnesses * 200,000) / (Total hours worked by all employees during period covered)

Question 6

4 Main Safety Issues and Hazards

Answer 6

Fatigue
Distracted Driving
Workplace Violence
Workplace Bullying

Question 7

Ways to create a healthy work environment

Answer 7

Ergonomics

Cumulative trauma disorders
Injuries caused by repeated stress and strains (Ex. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome)

Chemical hazards
WMHIS Symbols and hazard classification, cautionary labelling of containers, the provision of safety data sheets (SDSs) and worker education and training programs.

Question 8

What is ergonomics

Answer 8

Focuses on ensuring that jobs are designed for safe and efficient work while improving the safety, comfort, and performance of users

Question 9

How to minimize hazards, violence, stress

Answer 9

Labels, Material Safety Data Sheets, & Training for Hazardous materials

Air Quality and Smoking (Maybe use carbon monoxide detectors etc?)

Communiable Diseases (Ex. Influenza)

Workplace Violence (Diminshed with design and practices)

Question 10

Why don’t employees follow health and safety practices

Answer 10

Don’t know the rules
Inconvenient to follow the rules
Inhibits speed/productivity
Norms (“not cool”)

Question 11

How to get people to follow the rules

Answer 11

-Health and Safety Programs
-Training and Education
-Monitoring and problem-solving (health and safety committee)
-Behavior Modification/Goal Setting (Competition, incentives, rewards)
-Create a safety-conscious culture

Question 12

Stress

Answer 12

Any adjustive demand caused by physical, mental, or emotional factors that require coping behaviour.

Question 13

Eustress

Answer 13

Positive Stress that accompanies achievement and exhilaration

Question 14

Distress

Answer 14

Harmful
Stress becomes distress when we begin to sense a loss of our feelings of security and adequacy

Question 15

Sources of job related stress

Answer 15

High demand: having too much to do in too short a time

High effort: having to expend too much mental or physical energy over too long a period

Low control: having too little influence over the way a job is done on a day-to-day basis

Low reward: receiving inadequate feedback on performance and no recognition for a job well done

Question 16

Burnout

Answer 16

Severe Stage of Distress
Generally occurs when a person begins questioning his or her own personal values

Question 17

Resources for stress

Answer 17

Personal Energy Theories & Effort Recovery Model
Internal energy required for self-regulation, focus, mental effort

Conservation of Resource Theory
A host of more personal resources that allow people to build additional resources and thus reduce stress

Question 18

How to manage stress

Answer 18

• Build positive relationships
• Talk openly
• Prepare for future by keeping tabs on possible changes
• Set realistic goals
• Set times for concentration
• Take breaks and holidays
• What types of breaks? How to maximize break and work recovery
• New ways or working
• Remote/Hybrid
• Reduced work schedules (e.g., 4-day work weeks)

Question 19

Healthy practices that should be promoted

Answer 19

• Promote Fitness
• Proper Sleep
• EAPs → To cope with : Personal crises, depression, alcoholism, drugs
• Facilitate Positive Stress Coping