Lung Cancer Flashcards
What are the features of small cell carcinoma
ACTH, siADH (linked with hyperdiuresis and hyponatraemia)
How do you treat small cell lung cancer?
4 x chemo + radiotherapy
May use PCT and palliative RT as well
Where can small cell carcinomas metastasise to?
Brain
May need PCI and steroids (ompeprazole)
What are some other characteristics of small cell carcinoma?
29 days doubling time
Central
Low HB
Lambert Eaton Syndrome (antibodies against Ca2+ channels)
Who is adenocarcinoma regularly seen in?
Non-Smokers
What are the translocations and mutations that lead to adenocarcinoma?
EGFR, BRAF, HER2 mutations
ALK/ROS1 translocations
What is treatment for adenocarcinoma?
Surgery
What is the histolgical pattern of adenocarcinoma?
Glandular pattern, mucin
What is the characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma?
Linked with male smokers
PTHr (parathyroid) -
Hypercalcemia - signs are polyuria, polydipsia, constipation
Cavitation is also indicative histologically
What are the characteristics of large cell carcinoma?
Associated with smoking
Highly anaplastic/undifferentiated
Side effects of chemo?
Risk of neutropenic sepsis
Bone marrow suppression
Side effects of radiotherapy?
Short term
Legarthy
Osephagitis
SOB due to PNEUMONITIS
Long term:
Pulmonary fibrosis
Oseophageal structure, cardiac issues
When is chemoradiotheapy + prophylactic carnival irradiation used?
SCLC
When do you use Sterotactic ablative radiotherapy
If not fit for surgery and T <= 4cm
When do you go palliative with chemo?
Co morbidity or advanced disease (stage 3/4) is present
- bone metastasis
- cord compression
- haemoptysis
