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AP Psychology > Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

is what happens when our sensory modalities (vision, hearing, taste, etc.) are activated.

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2
Q

Perception

A

is how we understand these senses.

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3
Q

Bottom up processing

A

type of information processing based on incoming data from the environment to form a perception

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4
Q

Top down processing

A

Influences perception.

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5
Q

Selective attention

A

focused attention

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6
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

the failure to notice a fully-visible, but unexpected object because attention was engaged on another task.

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7
Q

Change blindness

A

he phenomenon that occurs when a person viewing a visual scene apparently fails to detect large changes in the scene. (Gorilla passing by)

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8
Q

Psychophysics

A

The branch of psychology that deals with the relationships between physical stimuli and sensory.

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9
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

smallest amount of stimulus that has to present before reaction.

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10
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A

Patterns

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11
Q

Subliminal

A

(of a stimulus or mental process) below the threshold of sensation or consciousness; perceived by or affecting someone’s mind without their being aware of it.

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12
Q

Priming

A

a concept, not a theory in which the activation of one thought may trigger related thoughts

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13
Q

Difference Threshold

A

“The just noticeable difference”

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14
Q

Weber’s Law

A

he concept that a just-noticeable difference in a stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus.

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15
Q

Sensory Adaption

A

occurs when sensory receptors change their sensitivity to the stimulus

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16
Q

Transduction

A

Transformation of light INPUT into neural messages sent to the brain (occipital lobe)

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17
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance from one wave peak to the next.

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18
Q

Hue

A

This determines the HUE, or COLOR we see.

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19
Q

Intensity

A

Amount of energy in light waves, determines brightness.

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20
Q

Pupil

A

Light passes through.

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21
Q

Iris

A

Adjusts how much light is allowed in. Color of the eye.

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22
Q

Lens

A

Image is projected onto the retina.

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23
Q

Feature Dectectors

A

Facial recognition

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24
Q

Parallel Processing

A

Visual “Multi-Tasking”. Ability to recognize different aspects of vision all at once.

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25
Q

Retina

A

Light passes through the LENS and an image is projected onto the retina.

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26
Q

Accomodation

A

The lens changes shape.

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27
Q

Rods

A

Night vision

28
Q

Cones

A

Color vision DIRECT link to brain.

29
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Carries neural signals to the brain. Cross and go to the opposite side of brain.

30
Q

Blind spot

A

Optic nerve leaves the eye.

31
Q

Fovea

A

The retina’s area of central focus.

32
Q

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic theory of color vision

A

Cones interpret color in teams of three. Red, green and blue on the retina.

33
Q

Opponent Process Theory of color vision

A

Color vision is created when 3 sets of colors oppose each other, Red-green, yellow-blue, white-black. One is turned ON other is OFF.

34
Q

Audition

A

the act, sense, or power of hearing.

35
Q

Frequency

A

Range

36
Q

Pitch

A

High pitch and low pitch

37
Q

MIddle ear

A

Begins with the eardrum at the end of the ear canal.

38
Q

Conducting hearing loss

A

when hearing loss is due to problems with the ear canal, ear drum, or middle ear and its little bones (the malleus, incus, and stapes).

39
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

occurs from damage to the inner ear, the nerve that runs from the ear to the brain (auditory nerve), or the brain.

40
Q

Cochlear implant

A

surgically implanted electronic device that provides a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard of hearing.

41
Q

Cochlea

A

Part of the inner ear. Has fluids.

42
Q

Inner ear

A

the innermost part of the vertebrate ear.

43
Q

Place Theory

A

We hear different pitches because different parts of the cochlear membrane are activated.

44
Q

Frequency theory

A

explicates how the human brain basically experiences a representation system of hearing.

45
Q

Kinesthesis

A

Sense of your body position and movement.

46
Q

Vestibular Sense

A

Balances the body. (Fluids in your ear)

47
Q

Gate Control Theory of Pain

A

The spinal cord has pain gates that open or close to allow or block pain.
Substance P: Is the pain signal

48
Q

Sensory Interaction

A

refers to the interaction of the senses to each other and how they influence each other. Taste and smell are two senses that work together.

49
Q

Olfactory Sensation

A

Eating and smelling are all connected to emotions.

50
Q

Gustatory Sensation

A

Sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. The SUPERTASTERS.

51
Q

Gestalt

A

An organized “Whole” combining senses “The big picture”

52
Q

Figure ground

A

Figure is the ‘focus’ ground is everything else.

53
Q

Grouping

A

Grouping stimuli together.

54
Q

Depth Perception

A

Judging how far an object is from us 3D.

55
Q

Visual cliff

A

Ability to judge a drop topography

56
Q

Binocular Cues

A

Using both visual fields to determine distance.

57
Q

Monocular Cues

A

Interposition and linear perspective by one eye.

58
Q

Phi Phenomenon

A

Perfect eye coordinates.

59
Q

Perceptual Constancy

A

We recognize objects even if they change.

60
Q

Color Constancy

A

Knowing an objects color even if looking through tinted windows.

61
Q

Perceptual Set

A

Mental predisposition that influences perception.

62
Q

Extrasensory Perception (ESP)

A

Paranormal phenomena (Long Island Medium)

63
Q

Parapsychology

A

is the supposedly scientific study of paranormal phenomena involving the human mind.

64
Q

Gustav Fechner

A

founder of psychophysics

65
Q

David Hubel

A

studied the structure and function of the visual cortex. Proved that neurons in the occipital lobe receive information from individual ganglion cells in the retina.

66
Q

Ernst Weber

A

One of the founders of experimental psychology.

67
Q

Torsten Weisel

A

Proved that neurons in the occipital lobe receive information from individual ganglion cells in the retina.

AP Psychology (7 decks)

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