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Biology Test Stuff > Vocab Quiz > Flashcards

Vocab Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

The process a cell goes through each time it divides

A

Cell cycle

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2
Q

Nuclear membrane breaks down, sister chromatids condense, and spindle forms

A

Prophase

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3
Q

Sister chromatids line up in center of the cell

A

Metaphase

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4
Q

Sister chromatid pairs pulled apart and are on seperate sides of the cell

A

Anaphase

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5
Q

Cells begin to seperate

A

Telophase

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6
Q

The resting stage

A

Interphase

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7
Q

A chromosome and its identical replicated copy, joined at the centromere.

A

Chromatid

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8
Q

connects the sister chromatids near the middle

A

Chromere

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9
Q

paired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.

A

Centriole

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10
Q

the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells

A

Spindle fibers

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11
Q

the indentation of the cell’s surface that begins the progression of cleavage

A

Cleavage furrow

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12
Q

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

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13
Q

a structure that forms in the cells of land plants while they are undergoing cell division

A

Cell plate

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14
Q

a mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote

A

Gamete

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15
Q

the male reproductive cell

A

Sperm

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16
Q

The female reproductive cell

A

Egg

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17
Q

Cell that has two complete sets of chromosomes

A

Diploid

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18
Q

the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells

A

Haploid

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19
Q

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes

A

Zygote

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20
Q

a cell produced during cleavage of a fertilized egg

A

Blastomere

21
Q

a solid ball of cells resulting from division of a fertilized ovum, and from which a blastula is formed

A

Morula

22
Q

animal embryo at the early stage of development when it is a hollow ball of cells

A

Blastula

23
Q

the fluid-filled cavity of a blastula

A

Blastocoel

24
Q

an embryo at the stage following the blastula, when it is a hollow cup-shaped structure having three layers of cells

A

Gastrula

25
Q

a mouth-like opening of the archenteron on the surface of the embryo during the invagination of the archenteron

A

Blastopore

26
Q

n

A

Haploid

27
Q

2n

A

Diploid

28
Q

Cell growth, make Organelles and Proteins

A

G1

29
Q

Point of no return: DNA is replicated

A

S

30
Q

Make more proteins and organelles

A

G2

31
Q

Exchange of genetic info between homologous chromosomes

A

Crossing over

32
Q

Sources of Genetic variation in Sexual reproduction

A

Segrigation and Fertilization

33
Q

Unequal distribution of chromosomes during meiosis

A

Nondisjunction

34
Q

Determines the phenotype

A

Dominant gene

35
Q

Only appears if 2 are present

A

Recessive gene

36
Q

alternative forms of genes on homologous chromosomes

A

Alleles

37
Q

Organism’s physical traits

A

Phenotype

38
Q

Organism’s genetic makeup

A

Genotype

39
Q

Only one of two copies of a gene goes into the gamete

A

Law of Segregation

40
Q

The alleles for one gene do not influence the alleles for the other gene

A

Law of Independent Assortment

41
Q

When an organism has identical alleles for a gene

A

Homozygous

42
Q

When an organism has different alleles for a gene

A

Heterozygous

43
Q

An individual with a dominant phenotype and an unknown genotype is mated with a homozygous recessive individual.

A

Test Cross

44
Q

Intermediate (blended version) of the two homozygotes

A

Incomplete Dominance

45
Q

in which the heterozygote displays characteristics of both homozygotes. Both phenotype are expressed

A

Co-Dominance

46
Q

the additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype

A

Polygenetic Inheritance

47
Q

a single gene has multiple effects on the phenotype

A

Pleiotropy

48
Q

Gene carried on X chromosome

A

Sex-linked trait

Biology Test Stuff (6 decks)

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