Host response systems

Question 1

there are ____ _____ between our brain and periphery

Answer 1

bidirectional processes

Question 2

different research avenues may:

Answer 2

provide additional targets for treatment

Question 3

idea of gut-brain axis:

Answer 3

microbiome in the gut can influence brain activity and therefore control aspects of mood disorders via intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms

Question 4

the 2 systems involved in gut-brain axis

Answer 4

enteric nervous system and vagus nerve

Question 5

enteric nervous system (intrinsic):

Answer 5

gastrointestinal’s own nervous system, referred to as “second brain”, abundance of neurotransmitters

Question 6

vagus nerve (extrinsic):

Answer 6

bidirectional, primary connection between the brain and intestinal tract. contact almost every organ in the body and acts as a sensor to external stimuli

Question 7

psychobiotics:

Answer 7

can alleviate depressive- and anxiety like behavior

Question 8

vagus nerve stimulation and what is it intended for?:

Answer 8

delivering electrical pulses to vagus nerve and intended for treatment-resistant depression

Question 9

vagus nerve stimulation:

Answer 9

delivering electrical pulses to vagus nerve and intended for treatment-resistant depression

Question 10

neuroendocrine system:

Answer 10

messenger system that responds to stimuli and release of hormones

Question 11

hypothalamus in neuroendocrine system:

Answer 11

integrates internal and external signal and controls flow of information to our periphery via activation of the pituitary

Question 12

hypothalamis-pituitary-adrenal axis idea:

Answer 12

secretory pattern dysregulated to levels of cortisol are altered in mood disorders

Question 13

mood disorders in neuroendocrine system=

Answer 13

impaired feedback mechanism or hyper secretion of cortisol

Question 14

inflammatory model of depression:

Answer 14

dysfunctional immune system may cause depression

Question 15

patients with mood disorders have increased levels of:

Answer 15

pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 16

people with mood disorders have been shown o have:

Answer 16

elevated CRH/cortisol levels

Question 17

cortisol hyper secretion can reduce:

Answer 17

hippocampal volume and cause cognitive impairments

Question 18

people with Cushing’s syndrome=

Answer 18

elevated cortisol levels