Chapter 15 - Psychological disorders

Question 1

What is a demonic model?

Answer 1

View of mental illness in which odd behaviour, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body

Question 2

What is a medical model?

Answer 2

View of mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment

Question 3

What is asylum?

Answer 3

Institution for people with mental illnesses created in the fifteenth century

Question 4

What is moral treatment?

Answer 4

Approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness and respect for those with mental illness

Question 5

What is deinstitutionalization?

Answer 5

Governmental policy in the 1960’s/70s that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals

Question 6

What are labelling theorists?

Answer 6

Scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people’s perceptions and behaviours

Question 7

What is DSM?

Answer 7

Diagnostic system containing the American Psychiatric association (APA) criteria for mental disorders

Question 8

What is prevalence?

Answer 8

Percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder

Question 9

What is comorbidity?

Answer 9

Co-occurence of two or more diagnoses within the same person

Question 10

What is the categorical model?

Answer 10

Model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree

Question 11

What is the dimensional model?

Answer 11

Model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather then kind

Question 12

What is the insanity defense?

Answer 12

Legal defence proposing that people shouldn’t be held legally responsible for their actions if they weren’t of “sound mind” when committing them

Question 13

What is involuntary commitment?

Answer 13

Procedure of placing some people with mental illnesses in a psychiatric hospital or other facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others, or their inability to care for themselves

Question 14

What is somatic symptom disorder?

Answer 14

Condition marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying medical illness, but are actually psychological in origin

Question 15

What is illness anxiety disorder?

Answer 15

An individual’s continual preoccupation with the notion that he or she has aa serious physical disease

Question 16

What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

Answer 16

Continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning

Question 17

What is a panic attack?

Answer 17

Brief, intense episode of extreme fear characterized by sweating, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings of impeding death or going crazy

Question 18

What is panic disorder?

Answer 18

Repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behaviour in an attempt to avoid them

Question 19

What is a phobia?

Answer 19

Intense fear of an object or situation that’s greatly out of proportion to its actual threat

Question 20

What is agoraphobia?

Answer 20

Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing, or in which help is unavailable in the vent of a panic attack

Question 21

What is a specific phobia?

Answer 21

Intense fear of objects, places or situations that is greatly out of proportion to their actual threat.

Question 22

What is social anxiety disorder?

Answer 22

Intense fear of negative evaluation in social situations

Question 23

What is PTSD?

Answer 23

Marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event

Question 24

What is Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Answer 24

Condition marked by repeated and lengthy (at least one hour per day) immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both

Question 25

What is an obsession?

Answer 25

Persistent idea, thought, or impulse that is unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress

Question 26

What is compulsion?

Answer 26

Repetitive behaviour or mental act performed to reduce or prevent stress

Question 27

What is anxiety sensitivity?

Answer 27

Fear of anxiety related sensations

Question 28

What is a major depressive episode?

Answer 28

State in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties

Question 29

What is the cognitive model of depression?

Answer 29

Theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations

Question 30

What is learned helplessness?

Answer 30

Tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we can’t control

Question 31

What is a manic episode?

Answer 31

Experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness and irresponsible behaviour

Question 32

What is bipolar disorder?

Answer 32

Condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode

Question 33

What is personality disorder?

Answer 33

Condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescence, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations, and lead to distress or impairment

Question 34

What is borderline personality disorder?

Answer 34

Condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity and impulse control

Question 35

What is a psychopathic personality?

Answer 35

Condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centeredness and risk taking

Question 36

What is Anti-social personality disorder (ASPD)?

Answer 36

Condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions

Question 37

What is dissociative disorder??

Answer 37

Condition involving disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity or perception

Question 38

What is depersonalization/non-existent disorder?

Answer 38

Condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalization

Question 39

What is dissociative amnesia?

Answer 39

Inability to recall important personal information - most often related to a stressful experience - that can’t be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

Question 40

What is dissociative fugue?

Answer 40

Sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the workplace, accompanied by amnesia for significant life events

Question 41

What is dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

Answer 41

A condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states that recurrently take control of the person’s behaviour

Question 42

What is schizophrenia?

Answer 42

Sever disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality

Question 43

What is delusion?

Answer 43

Strongly held, fixed belief, that has no basis in reality

Question 44

What is a psychotic symptom?

Answer 44

Psychological problems reflecting serious distortions in reality

Question 45

What is a hallucination?

Answer 45

Sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus

Question 46

What is a catatonic symptom?

Answer 46

Motor problem, including extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body in bizarre or rigid postures, or curling up in the fetal position

Question 47

What is the diathesis-stress model?

Answer 47

Perspective proposing that mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability, called a diathesis, and stressors that trigger this vulnerability

Question 48

What is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Answer 48

DSM-5 category that includes autistic disorder and Asperger’s disorder

Question 49

What is attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD)?

Answer 49

Childhood conditions marked by excessive inattention, impulsivity, and activity