Systems of Breeding Flashcards

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1
Q

—— ——- is the most common
disqualification
in Purebred Breeding

Both parents must have been a —- in Purebred Breeding

Not necessarily better than non-purebred

A

Color markings

Purebred

Purebred Animal

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2
Q

  1. Undesirable recessive characteristics may appear
    because of the ———– of the gene
  2. The average purebred animal is generally better
    than the average ———– animal
A

non-purebred
homozygosity

non-purebred

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3
Q

———– Mating of related animals

——– ——– - most intensive
3. ———— - distantly related animals
4. Increases the genetic purity of the stock produced.
5. Undesirable and desirable genes become grouped together in the
offspring with greater frequency and more visible.

A

Inbreeding
Close breeding
Linebreeding

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4
Q

Mating of animals of different families within the same breed

Bring into the breeding program traits that are desirable but
not present in the original animals

is mating animals from two different lines of breeding within a breed

A

Outcrossing

Linecrossing

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5
Q

Mating of purebred sires to grade females
2. A grade animal in any animal not eligible for
3. Some breed associations do permit the offspring of
grading up to be .

A

Grading up

registry
registered

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6
Q

Mating of two animals from different breeds
2. Offspring is a
—–
3. Superior traits from crossbreeding are called ———–
4. Animals selected for use in a crossbreeding program
must have the desired traits

A

Crossbreeding

hybrid

hybrid vigor or heterosis

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7
Q

———— ———— - base on own performance records, most simple.

————- ————- - Base on the average performance of their own family,

more complicated, more expensive, used if the trait has low heritability.

A

Individual Selection

Family Selection

Family Selection

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8
Q
    • one trait at a time
  1. – base on a pre-determined level of
    performance
  2. – each trait is weighted by a coefficient
A

Tandem Selection
Independent culling level
Selection index

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9
Q

Increases homozygosity (uniformity => like gametes, like individuals)

A

Inbreeding

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10
Q

Disadvantages of Inbreeding –
1) inbreeding exposes
2) inbreeding depression –reduced

–high risk (complete lines can be lost)

A

deleterious genes.

performance due to increased
homozygosity, exposing genes with
negative effects

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11
Q

Non-Inbred vs. Inbred Crested Wood Partridges

• 8% reduction in
• 10% reduction in
• 20% reduction in
• Non-inbred birds have –% —– medical
notes than their inbred counterparts.

A

egg volume
egg weight
hatchability rate

41% fewer

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12
Q

mating system design to maintain a
high degree of relatedness of
descendants to a particular ancestor

A

Linebreeding

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13
Q

crossing of animals from different
breeds

A

Crossbreeding

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14
Q

subpopulation of a species inter
se mated with the objective of
maintaining particular characteristics
that define the group

A

Breed

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15
Q

Over time breeds come to
represent different reservoirs of
genes:

A

Different alleles
Different frequency

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16
Q

Reasons for Crossbreeding
1)
2)
3) –
4)

A

Complementarity
Methods of migration of new genotypes
Creating synthetic breeds
Rapid Change in Performance

17
Q

Critical value for .05 level of significance:

The value expected to be
exceeded 5% of the time by —— ——- given the hypothesis
is true.

A

by
chance alone

18
Q

Critical values for the .01 level are ——- ——– than those for .05:
A larger C.V. means a greater ———
between expected and observed is required
to reject the hypothesis.

Fewer true hypotheses will be rejected by chance when testing at … versus ..

Conversely, a greater number of false
hypotheses will be accepted.

A

always larger
discrepancy
.01
.05

19
Q

Two Basic Systems in Breeding System

A

Crossbreeding
Purebreeding

20
Q

System used depends on:

A

Kind of livestock
Size of the herd
Amount of money available
Goal of the farmer or rancher

21
Q

Straight Breeding:

A

Purebred breeding
Inbreeding
Outcrossing
Grading Up

22
Q

Cross breeding

A

Two way cross
Three way cross
Four way cross
Rotation breeding

23
Q

Methods of Selection base on Records

A

Individual, Family, and Sib Selection

Selecrion by Progeny Test

24
Q

Selection Procedure

Simultaneous Improvement of Traits

A

Tandem Method
Independent Culling Level
Selection Index

25
Q

Inbreeding depression

Reduction in fitness in inbred individuals

• JS
• AS
• MA
• SD
• FF
• G
• PD
• DS
• RTES
• ME

A

Juvenile survival • Adult survival
Mate Acquisition • Social Dominance
Fertility and Fecundity • Growth
Proper development• Disease resistance
• Resistance to environmental stresses
• Metabolic efficiency

26
Q

combining
breeds then inter se mating to form a new
breed

A

Creating Synthetic breeds

27
Q

combine breeds to take advantage of the best characteristics for both

A

Complementarity

28
Q

Subpopulation of a species inter se mated with the objective of maintaining particular characteristics that define the group.

A

Crossbreeding