Systems of Breeding

Question 1

—— ——- is the most common
disqualification
in Purebred Breeding

Both parents must have been a —- in Purebred Breeding

Not necessarily better than non-purebred

Answer 1

Color markings

Purebred

Purebred Animal

Question 2

6. Undesirable recessive characteristics may appear
   because of the ———– of the gene
7. The average purebred animal is generally better
   than the average ———– animal

Answer 2

non-purebred
homozygosity

non-purebred

Question 3

———– Mating of related animals

——– ——– - most intensive
3. ———— - distantly related animals
4. Increases the genetic purity of the stock produced.
5. Undesirable and desirable genes become grouped together in the
offspring with greater frequency and more visible.

Answer 3

Inbreeding
Close breeding
Linebreeding

Question 4

Mating of animals of different families within the same breed

Bring into the breeding program traits that are desirable but
not present in the original animals

is mating animals from two different lines of breeding within a breed

Answer 4

Outcrossing

Linecrossing

Question 5

Mating of purebred sires to grade females
2. A grade animal in any animal not eligible for
3. Some breed associations do permit the offspring of
grading up to be .

Answer 5

Grading up

registry
registered

Question 6

Mating of two animals from different breeds
2. Offspring is a
—–
3. Superior traits from crossbreeding are called ———–
4. Animals selected for use in a crossbreeding program
must have the desired traits

Answer 6

Crossbreeding

hybrid

hybrid vigor or heterosis

Question 7

———— ———— - base on own performance records, most simple.

————- ————- - Base on the average performance of their own family,

more complicated, more expensive, used if the trait has low heritability.

Answer 7

Individual Selection

Family Selection

Family Selection

Question 8

1. • one trait at a time
2. – base on a pre-determined level of
   performance
3. – each trait is weighted by a coefficient

Answer 8

Tandem Selection
Independent culling level
Selection index

Question 9

Increases homozygosity (uniformity => like gametes, like individuals)

Answer 9

Inbreeding

Question 10

Disadvantages of Inbreeding –
1) inbreeding exposes
2) inbreeding depression –reduced

–high risk (complete lines can be lost)

Answer 10

deleterious genes.

performance due to increased
homozygosity, exposing genes with
negative effects

Question 11

Non-Inbred vs. Inbred Crested Wood Partridges

• 8% reduction in
• 10% reduction in
• 20% reduction in
• Non-inbred birds have –% —– medical
notes than their inbred counterparts.

Answer 11

egg volume
egg weight
hatchability rate

41% fewer

Question 12

mating system design to maintain a
high degree of relatedness of
descendants to a particular ancestor

Answer 12

Linebreeding

Question 13

crossing of animals from different
breeds

Answer 13

Crossbreeding

Question 14

subpopulation of a species inter
se mated with the objective of
maintaining particular characteristics
that define the group

Answer 14

Breed

Question 15

Over time breeds come to
represent different reservoirs of
genes:

Answer 15

Different alleles
Different frequency

Question 16

Reasons for Crossbreeding
1)
2)
3) –
4)

Answer 16

Complementarity
Methods of migration of new genotypes
Creating synthetic breeds
Rapid Change in Performance

Question 17

Critical value for .05 level of significance:

The value expected to be
exceeded 5% of the time by —— ——- given the hypothesis
is true.

Answer 17

by
chance alone

Question 18

Critical values for the .01 level are ——- ——– than those for .05:
A larger C.V. means a greater ———
between expected and observed is required
to reject the hypothesis.

Fewer true hypotheses will be rejected by chance when testing at … versus ..

Conversely, a greater number of false
hypotheses will be accepted.

Answer 18

always larger
discrepancy
.01
.05

Question 19

Two Basic Systems in Breeding System

Answer 19

Crossbreeding
Purebreeding

Question 20

System used depends on:

Answer 20

Kind of livestock
Size of the herd
Amount of money available
Goal of the farmer or rancher

Question 21

Straight Breeding:

Answer 21

Purebred breeding
Inbreeding
Outcrossing
Grading Up

Question 22

Cross breeding

Answer 22

Two way cross
Three way cross
Four way cross
Rotation breeding

Question 23

Methods of Selection base on Records

Answer 23

Individual, Family, and Sib Selection

Selecrion by Progeny Test

Question 24

Selection Procedure

Simultaneous Improvement of Traits

Answer 24

Tandem Method
Independent Culling Level
Selection Index

Question 25

Inbreeding depression

Reduction in fitness in inbred individuals

• JS
• AS
• MA
• SD
• FF
• G
• PD
• DS
• RTES
• ME

Answer 25

Juvenile survival • Adult survival
Mate Acquisition • Social Dominance
Fertility and Fecundity • Growth
Proper development• Disease resistance
• Resistance to environmental stresses
• Metabolic efficiency

Question 26

combining
breeds then inter se mating to form a new
breed

Answer 26

Creating Synthetic breeds

Question 27

combine breeds to take advantage of the best characteristics for both

Answer 27

Complementarity

Question 28

Subpopulation of a species inter se mated with the objective of maintaining particular characteristics that define the group.

Answer 28

Crossbreeding