Glucose Homeostasis: Endocrine control of fuel metabolism Flashcards
Following ingestion, carbohydrates, proteins and fats are broken down into what 3 component parts?
- Monosaccharides (predominantly glucose)
- Amino acids
- Fatty acids
What is Insulin
The major hormone of fuel metabolism. The most important regulator of blood glucose (only hormone that can decrease blood glucose). Secreted from Beta-cells in the Islets of Langahans of endocrine pancreas.
What is Glucagon
Antagonistic to insulin. Secreted from alpha-cells in the Islets of Langerhans of endocrine pancreas.
What is Cortisol
Glucocorticoid (adrenal cortex) increasing energy sources as part of the stress response.
What is Adrenaline
Increases blood glucose and fatty acids. Secreted from adrenal medulla
What is Growth Hormone
Can elevate blood glucose and fatty acids. Major effect is protein synthesis in muscle. secrete from anterior pituitary.
What is Somatostatin?
Inhibits digestions and absorption. Inhibits secretion of pancreatic hormones. Secreted from Delta-cells of endocrine pancreas in response to raised glucose or amino acids
What is Pancreatic Polypeptide
Appetite reduction. Secreted from F-cells of endocrine pancreas in response to raised glucose or amino acids.
What is Amylin
Delays gastric emptying. Secreted from Beta-cells
What main factors are controlled by hormones?
- Control of absorption, use, storage and circulating levels.
- Control of appetite
Which source of energy is used by the brain?
Glucose
How much blood glucose is maintained?
Around 5mM (3.4-5.8mM)
Both hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia can result in death. True or False
True
What is glycogen?
Storage of glucose in liver and skeletal muscle
Glycogen is easily available, but what is the one limitation of glycogen?
Its of limited size (1% of stores; 190g)
