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Micro > Control Of Metabolism Growth > Flashcards

Control Of Metabolism Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Sterilization

A

100% destruction of microorganisms

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2
Q

Asepsis

A

Environment or procedure free of pathogens

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3
Q

Disinfection

A

Using chemical/physical methods
- eradicates pathogens on objects
- sanitizes

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4
Q

Degerming

A

Physical/ mechanical removal of miscropeganisms while using chemical methods

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5
Q

Method etymology

A

Static/ stasis, cidal/ cide

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6
Q

Microbial death

A

Inhibition of microbial, metabolism, and
Growth
- 90% per minute

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7
Q

Microbial considerations

A

-external: cellular integrity: cell wall and membrane
- internal: cellular metabolism: proteins and nucleic acids

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8
Q

Antimicrobial methods

A

-Temp
-Desiccation
-Filtration
-Osmotic pressure
-Radiation
-Germicides: LLG, ILG, HLG

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9
Q

What do doctors have to do before putting patient on antibiotics

A

Start low for antibiotics and build for stronger antibiotics

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10
Q

What is important for doctors understand for patient’s treatment

A

Exposure and location

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11
Q

Temperature method

A

-Moist heat: fast and 99% effective (auto clave and pasteurization)
-Dry heat: desiccation(oldest method of preservation that removes water)
-Cold temp: refrigeration, or freezer

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12
Q

Lyophilization

A

Freezing and drying that contains no ice crystals

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13
Q

Overall Chemical methods

A

-effective in dense organic material
-Cons: corrosive, irritant, pungent, mutative

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14
Q

Chemical method of alcohols

A

-nonpolar and require water
-effective of bacteria, fungi, viruses
-Does not kill spores
-Surfactant: decree surface tension, increased concentration

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15
Q

Human control

A

Paul Ehrlich: chemotherapy
Alexander Fleming : 1929 penicillin
Gerhard, Domach : 1932 sulfanilamide
Salmon, Waxman : antibiotics

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16
Q

What are surfactants

A

Soaps/detergents

17
Q

What do Freezing methods do?

A

Makes water expand, and creates ice crystals

18
Q

Selectivity

A

-premise: targets pathogens, while minimizing host image
-Feasibility: bacteria is high, eukaryotes are low
-Target affect: cell wall, proteins synthesis, Cell, memebrane, metabolism in nucleic acid synthesis, an attachment and recognition

19
Q

Cell wall method

A

Destroys osmotic barrier
-Drugs inhibit new wall production for osmotic rupture

20
Q

Protein synthesis method

A

Making proteins
-Small: codon reading
-Large: peptide bond information
-pros/cons: genetic differences and similarities for mitochondria

21
Q

Antisense technology

A

Complementary to pathogens, DNA and RNA’s

22
Q

Metabolism method

A

Common pore targets
-Glycolysis, fermentation
-anti-metabolic agents
-Sulfanilamide (bactericidal)

23
Q

Antiviral methods

A

-targeting viral lifecycle
— coats, and triggered by acidity of host
-Protease inhibitors
— protein digestive enzymes= proteases
— anti-enzymatic= targets, HIV

24
Q

Clinical impact

A

What we want: an expensive, fast, acting, stable and storable, Toti, potent, asymptomatic
-Spectrum: quantity of pathogens affected by treatment
-Judicious use: microbial, antagonism, deterrence, and brought effect on all human bacteria

25
Q

Diffusion susceptibility test

A

-Test of quantity and quality of treatment delivery
-Kirby Bauer test: zone of inhibition

26
Q

Routes of administration

A

PO: simple and slow
- auto-administration
- blood efficacy: low and pulsing
IM: hypodermic needles and pain susceptibility
- blood efficacy: intermediate and pulsing
IV: hypodermic needles
- blood efficacy: highest and continuous

27
Q

What is the fastest delivery method of treatment?

A

IV

28
Q

What are the three considerations of administering treatment?

A

-delivery, safety, disruption

29
Q

Side effects of treatments

A

-toxicity: selectivity of higher effect against pathogens versus patient
-observable effects in patients:
— circulatory: lungs, liver, kidney
— External: skin, Mucosa
— gastrointestinal: oral, stomach, intestines

30
Q

Drug resistance

A

Resistance required via genomic mutation in horizontal transfer of R – factors
-transformation, transduction, conjugation

31
Q

Multiple drug resistance

A

Acquired through R – plasmid
-High treatment levels:
— eliminate cells
— supports growth of resistant cells
— resistant to 3+ drugs
— cross resistance: similarities

32
Q

Mechanisms

A

Alternative drug pathway
Types :
-Inactivation or destruction of drug
-Metabolic adaptation

33
Q

Compliance

A

-proper delivery method
-Maintenance of high concentrations
-Proper time frame and limited distribution

34
Q

Antibiotic resistance

A

MRSA /VRSA

35
Q

Cocktails

A

-synergy
-Do used to multiple anti-microbial to inhibit growth, without exception

Micro (8 decks)

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