Orthomyxo

Question 1

influenza C viruses
host?
disease?

Answer 1

humans, swine
respiratory dz, least severe

Question 2

influenza B viruses
host?
disease?

Answer 2

humans, seals
respiratory disease, moderately severe

Question 3

influenza A viruses e.g. avian influenza
enveloped or non-enveloped
RNA or DNA
virulence factors
diagnostics

Answer 3

enveloped
-ssRNA
hemagglutinin & neuraminidase
hemagglutination inhibtion (HI)

Question 4

Avian Influenza
host
reservoir host
transmissions
shedding
diseases

Answer 4

hosts: wide range of avian & mammalian species
reservoirs: waterfowl & shorebirds
transmissions: ingestion/fecal-oral, inhalation, fomites, human tracking
shed: feces, resp secretions
diseases: high path or low path

Question 5

difference between HPAI and LPAI

Answer 5

HPAI - “fowl plague”, generalized infections associated with H5 and H7 subtypes, sporadic outbreaks
LPAI - infections of GI, resp, repro, occurs worldwide

Question 6

Describe the pathogenesis for Avian Influenza

Answer 6

1.enveloped assembly by budding taking outer lipid layer
2. reassortment
3. antigenic shift creating new subtype with highly transmittable strains (sudden change) or antigenic drift (point mutations in RNA genome - gradual change)

Question 7

what does PCR detect for Avian Influenza

Answer 7

matrix 1 and 2

Question 8

Swine Influenza
influenza ___
enzootic subtypes _____
sporadic subtypes ______
host
disease

Answer 8

influenza A
enzootic = H1 & 3
sporadic = H2,4,5,7,9
host: swine, primarily commercial growers
disease: reduced rate of gain, upper resp infection, broncho/interstitial pneumonia

Question 9

Equine Influenza
influenza ____
etiologic agents
host
transmission
shed
disease

Answer 9

influenza A
H3N8 or A2 (curent) H7N7 or A1 (30 yrs)
equine - esp. stressed/congregation
highly contag, inhalation, fomites, hands, clothing, instruments
aerosolized resp secretions
upper resp infection, pneumonia

Question 10

some ways to prevent equine influenza

Answer 10

quaratine/isolation
sanitation
inactivated vx - decrease disease, not prevent shed or infection
ML vx intranasally - decrease shedding

Question 11

Canine Influenza
influenza _____
etiologic agent
host
transmission
shed
disease

Answer 11

influenza A
H3N8, H3N2
canine
inhalation, fomites
aerosolized resp secretion
“kennel cough” (upper resp infection) and hemorrhagic pneumonia

Question 12

prevention and control for canine influenza

Answer 12

isolation
sanitation
inactivated vx - decrease severity
bivalent vx