Top Down/Grassroots Flashcards
how many people died due to smallpox
500 million
when was smallpox declared as eradicated
1980
what are the benefits of top down disease eradication
- coordination
- large scale
- expertise
- funding
- disease eradication
which organisation was responsible for the eradication of smallpox
WHO
what are the negatives of top down disease eradication
- dependent on prolonged community involvement
- resistance from communities eg. Taliban for polio
- expensive
- migration
how much did smallpox cost to eradicate
$300 million
what is an example of a national top down strategy
COVID in UK
- track and trace
- mandatory vaccination for travel
- social distancing
- use of masks
Cost £410bn
whats the benefit:cost ratio for eradicating smallpox
400:1
what are some of the benefits of grass root strategies when eradicating disease
- cultural sensitivity
- political stability
- community involvement
- cost-effective
what are some of the negatives of grass root strategies when eradicating disease
- difficult to do on a large scale
- inequalities might get worse
- lack of resources
- limited expertise
who orchestrated the eradication of guinea worm
WHO and the Carter Center
what were the methods of eradication of guinea worm
- identifying cases
- isolating infected + treating the symptoms
- community education
- provision of safe drinking water + use of filters
example of global eradication
Smallpox:
- 500 million deaths
- eradicated in 1980
- eradicated by the WHO -> surveillance and vaccinations
- was easy to eradicate as you could visibly see it and there was a ready vaccine
- cost $300 million to eradicate
example of national eradication
Malaria in Mauritius:
- residual spraying indoors / spraying of breeding sites / fish that eat larvae / distribution of ATV / started screening at airport
- eradicated in 1973 but then returned due to a cyclone in 1975
example of grass roots eradication
Guinea Worm in Ghana:
- peak cases = 180,000
- Ghana Red Cross -> educated 6,000 women to collect water safely
- the Carter Center - $72 mill
- use of larvicides
- educated locals on the disease
