Wheeze Flashcards

1
Q

Define wheeze

A

Prolonged musical note heard mainly on expiration (may be referred to as rhonchus on auscultation) due obstruction of the LOWER airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the causes of wheeze

A

partial obstruction of the intrathoracic pathways, as a result of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors

Viral induced wheeze
Exacerbation of asthma
Bronchiolitis
Croup
Epiglottitis
Foreign inhaled object
Anaphylaxis
“Happy wheeze” - persistent wheeze that does not affect eating, temperament and growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What should be looked for on examination for children with a wheeze

A

Height and weight
- Poor growth: cystic fibrosis
- Growth failure: severe asthma
General
- ? Clubbing, barrel chest (chronic suppurative lung disease in asthma)
Respiratory
- ? Resp. distress
- ?hyper-resonance and dullness on percussion
- Widespread crepitations = infection, particularly bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the signs of respiratory distress in children

A

Shortness of breath (Dyspnoea)
Tachypnoea
Intercostal/subcostal recessions
Tracheal trug
Use of accessory muscles
Nasal flaring
Inability to talk
Cyanosis
Confusion
Restlessness
Drowsiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the signs of foreign body in the airway on examination and on CXR

A

May be preceded by choking episode
unilateral wheeze
Focal dullness with increased resonance
Crepitations
Focal reduced air entry
CXR: Segmental collapse or emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is viral induced wheeze and what is it caused by

A

Wheeze that only comes on with infection
Associated with RTIs in 6 month-5yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the management for viral induced wheeze

A

Usually self-limiting
Advise:
Fever settles after 3-7 days
Cough resolves within 3 weeks
15% of children who wheeze younger than 5 years of age have asthma, and continue to wheeze >5yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the signs of pneumonia on exam

A

General: signs of resp. distress
Obs: fever, tachypnoea, tachycardia
Resp: absent breath sounds with dull percussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the management for community acquired pneumonia

A

Antibiotics: amoxicillin for 5 days
+ follow up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly