Unit 2B Flashcards

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1
Q

Cataract

A

an opacity in the lens that blocks light from reaching the retina; often occurs in an older age due to sunlight (UV) exposure

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2
Q

Retinal colorblindness

A

an inability to correctly see colors due to the mutations in photoreceptors

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3
Q

Monochromacy

A

a form of congenital achromatopsia (color blindness) arising from problems in the retina

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4
Q

Rod monochromacy

A

rod monochromats are people whose cone photoreceptors are present in the retina but are completely non-functional. The cones cannot absorb light and therefore the patient relies only on rod vision

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5
Q

Cone monochromacy

A

patient has one functioning cone type. Color vision is restricted to about 100 colors. Blue cone monochromacy is rare, but slightly more common than L/M cone monochromacy

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6
Q

Dichromacy

A

color vision disorder in which one type of cone is absent or non-functioning

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7
Q

Protanopia

A

L photoreceptors deficit that causes Red-Green color blindness

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8
Q

Deuteranopia

A

M photoreceptors deficit that causes Red-Green colorblindness

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9
Q

Tritanopia

A

S photoreceptors deficit that causes Blue-Yellow colorblindness

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10
Q

Red/Green colorblindness

A

a form of retinal colorblindness where either the green cones are missing completely or respond like red cones. More common in females.

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11
Q

Blue yellow colorblindness

A

a form of retinal colorblindness where people confuse blue with green and yellow with violet. It is very rare and not sex linked.

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12
Q

Anomalous trichromacy

A

Patients with types of anomalous trichromacy (protanomaly, deuteranomaly, or tritanomaly) are trichromats, but the color matches they make significantly differ from normal

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13
Q

Protanomaly

A

L-cone (red) spectrum shifted closer to M-cone (green) spectrum

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14
Q

Deuteranomaly

A

M-cone (green) spectrum shifted closer to L-cone (red) spectrum

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15
Q

Tritanomaly

A

blue-yellow discrimination altered

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16
Q

Ishihara Plates

A

38 colored plates used to test those with red-green color blindness

17
Q

Tetrachromats

A

women who have 4 types of cones, which likely allows them to see about 100 million colors.

18
Q

Scotoma

A

an area impaired or lost vision in the visual field. A scotoma can arise from damage anywhere along the visual pathway from the retina to primary visual cortex. Beyond V1, more specialized types of visual disorders arise.

19
Q

Unilateral field loss

A

loss of an entire eye’s vision due to tumor or trauma that results from the disconnection of the optic nerve.

20
Q

Hemianopsia

A

blindness in one half of the visual field in one or both eyes

21
Q

Bitemporal hemianopsia

A

blindness in the outer halves of the visual field in both eyes, due to damage to the optic chiasm

22
Q

Binasal hemianopsia

A

blindness in the middle halves of the visual field in both eyes, due to damage to uncrossed fibers (often due to calcification of carotid arteries; also associated with hydrocephalus)

23
Q

Homonymous hemianopsia

A

blindness in the same hemisphere of the visual
field in both eyes, due to damage to the opposite hemisphere of cortex (often from
stroke or trauma). ‘Right homonymous hemianopsia’ refers to the loss of the right
hemifield of vision in each eye from damage to left V1