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parasitology > PROTOZOA + MALARIA > Flashcards

PROTOZOA + MALARIA Flashcards

1
Q

On the outer edge

A

Accole

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2
Q

A small, ovoid, nonflagellated form of the order Kinetoplastid flagellata. Notable structures include a mitochondrial kinetoplastid and a large nucleus. Also called Leishman-Donovan body or leishmanial form

A

Amastigote

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3
Q

An organism having a hardsegmented exoskeleton and paired, jointed legs.

A

Athropod

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4
Q

The intracellular portion of a flagellum.

A

Axoneme

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5
Q

The axial rod functioning as a support in flagellates

A

Axostyle

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6
Q

The basal body origin of the flagella that supports the undulating membrane in kinetoplastid flagellates

A

Blepharoplast

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7
Q

Slowly multiplying intracellular trophozoites of Toxoplasma gondii; intracellular tissue cysts in immune hosts contain bradyzoites that continue dividing within the cyst. Bradyzoites are also found in sarcocysts

A

Bradyzoites

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8
Q

Basophilic nuclear DNA

A

Chromatin

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9
Q

Rod-shaped structures of condensed RNA material within the cytoplasm of some ameba cysts.

A

Chromatid bars

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10
Q

Multiple hairlike processes attached to a surface of a cell; functions for motility through fluids at the surface of a protozoon.

A

Cilia

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11
Q

A phylum containing protozoa that move by means of cilia; they have two dissimilar nuclei.

A

Cillophora

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12
Q

the stage of Plasmodium spp. that develops inliver cells from the inoculated sporozoites. Also called the exoerythrocytic stage or tissue stage.

A

cryptozoite

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13
Q

Pertaining to the skin.

A

cutaneous

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14
Q

The immotile stage protected by a resistant cyst wall formed by the parasite. in this stage, the protozoa are readily transmitted to a new host.

A

cyst

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15
Q

The immotile stage protected by a resistant cyst wall formed by the parasite. in this stage, the protozoa are readily transmitted to a new host.

A

cyst

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16
Q

The immotile stage protected by a resistant cyst wall formed by the parasite. in this stage, the protozoa are readily transmitted to a new host.

A

cyst

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17
Q

rudimentary mouth

A

cytosomes

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18
Q

a disorder marked by bloody diarrhea or mucus in feces

A

dysentery

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19
Q

The gelatinous cytoplasmic material beneath the cell membrane.

A

ectoplasm

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20
Q

The fluid inner cytoplasmic material in a cell.

A

endoplasm

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21
Q

The small massof chromatin within thenucleus, comparable to a nucleolus of metazoan cells (also termed karyosome).

A

endosome

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22
Q

flatenned, spindle-shaped, flagellated forms seen primarily ni the gut (e.g., ni thereduviid bug) or salivary glands (e.g., ni the tsetse fly) oftheinsect vectors in the life cycle of trypanosomes; theyhave an undulatingmembrane that extends
from theflagellum (attached alongthe anterior half of the organism) to the small kinetoplast located just anteriorly tothe larger nucleus located at the midpoint of the organism.

A

epimastigote

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23
Q

Transformation from a cyst to a trophozoite after the cystic form has been swallowed by the host.

A

excystation

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24
Q

the process whereby a sporozoan microgametocyte releases haploid flagellated microgametes that can fertilize a macrogamete and thus form a diploid zygote (ookinete).

A

exflagellation

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25
Q

an extension of ectoplasm that provides locomotion; resembles atail that moves with a whiplike motion.

A

flagellum

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26
Q

Objects that canadsorb and harbor organisms and cause human infectionthrough direct contact (e.g., doorknob, pencil, towel).

A

formites

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27
Q

mature sex cells

A

gametes

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28
Q

a sex cell produce gametes

A

gametocyte

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29
Q

the phase of the development cycle of the malarial and coccidial parasite in the human In which male and female gametocytes are formed.

A

gametogony

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30
Q

long-surviving modified liver schizonts of P. vivax and. ovale that are the source of relapsing infections in these species.

A

hypnozoites

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31
Q

an accessory body found in many protozoa, especially in the family Trypanosomatidae, consisting of a large mitochondrion next to the basal granule (blepharoplast) of the anterior or undulating membrane flagellum; contains mitochondrial DNA. 30. A subphylum containing organisms that move by means of one or more flagella.

A

kinetoplast

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32
Q

Asexual multiplication in coccidian life cycle. Usually occurs In intestinalepithellum.

A

merogony

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33
Q

The many trophozoites released from human red blood cells or liver cells at maturation of the asexual cycle ofmalaria.

A

merozoites

34
Q

An infection that originates in and si acquired from a medical facility. Infections present or incubating inside patients when they are admitted to the facility are not included in this definition.

A

nosocomial

35
Q

The encysted form of the ookinete that occurs on the stomach wall of Anopheles spp. Mosquitoes infected with malaria.

A

oocysts

36
Q

the fever-chills syndrome in malaria. Spiking fever corresponds to the release of merozoites and toxic materials from the rupturing parasitized red blood cells and shaking chills occur during subsequent schizont development. Occurs in malaria cyclically every 36 to 72 hours, depending on the species.

A

paroxysm

37
Q

A flagellate form of trypanosoma in which the kinetoplast is located at the anterior end of the organism; it has no undulating membrane. This form is seen in the midgut and pharynx of vectors in the life cycle of the leishmania parasites and si the form that develops in culture media in vitro.

A

promastigote

38
Q

A subkingdom consisting of unicellular eukaryotic animals.

A

protozoa

39
Q

A protoplasmic extension of the trophozoite of ameba` that allows them to move and engulf food.

A

pseudopod

40
Q

A cyst like structure with a membrane covering formed by the host following an acute infection with Toxoplasma gondil. The cystis filled with bradyzoites ni immunocompetent hosts; it may occur ni brain or other tissues. Latent source of that may
become active if immunosuppression occurs.

A

pseudocyts

41
Q

A condition that may be seen in any malarial infection; infected red blood cells and accompanying symptoms reappear after a period of apparent “cure.” This situation reflects an inadequate immuneresponse bythehost or aninadequate responset o treatment.

A

recrudescence

42
Q

Infective cyst containing banana-shaped bradyzoites.

A

sarcocysts

43
Q

Asexual multiplication of Apicomplexa; multiple intracellular nuclear divisions precede cytoplasmic division.

A

schizogony

44
Q

the developed stage of asexual division of the Sporozoa (e.g., Plasmodium spp. in a human red blood cell; Cystoisospora belli
in the intestinal wall).

A

schizont

45
Q

The fertilized oocyst in which the sporozoites of Plasmodium have developed.

A

sporozoites

46
Q

Sexual reproductionof Apicomplexa. Production of spores and sporozoites.

A

sporogony

47
Q

Forms of Plasmodium that develop inside the sporocyst, invade the salivary glands of the mosquito, and are transmitted to the humans

A

sporozoites

48
Q

The motile stage ofprotozoa in which they feed, multiply, and maintain the colony within the host.

A

trophozoites

49
Q

A flagellate form with the kinetoplast located at the posterior end of the organism and the undulating membrane extending along the entire body from the flagellum (anterior end) to the posterior end at the blepharoplast. This form is seen in the blood ofhumans with trypanosomiasis and is the infective stage transmitted by the insect vectors.

A

trypomastigote

50
Q

A protoplasmic membrane with a flagellar rim extending out like a fin alongthe outer edge of the body ofcertain protozoa; it moves in a wavelike pattern.

A

undulating membrane

51
Q

the fertilized cell resulting fromt h e union of male and female gametes.

A

zygote

52
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts are best detected in fecal specimens using the:

A

trichrome stain

53
Q

The two parasitic organisms most commonly associated with waterborne outbreaks of diarrhea include:

A

giardia lamblia and crytoisporidium spp.

54
Q

the malaria parasite characterized by the presence of multiple ring forms or”banana-shaped” gametocytes
in red blood cells is:

A

babesia spp.

55
Q

The characteristic that most clearly differentiates cysts oflodamoeba bütschlil fromother amebic cysts is (are):

A

a large glycogen vacuoles

56
Q

A blood parasite that invades reticulocytes, is characterized by single ring forms and Schüffner’s dots, and may cause a true relapse

A

plasmodium vivax

57
Q

A 44-year-old man was admitted to the hospital following a2-week history of low-grade fever, malaise, and anorexia. Examination of a Giemsastained blood film revealed many intraerythrocytic parasites. Further history revealed frequent East Coast camping trips near Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket Island but no travel outsidethe continental UnitedStates. Most likely, this parasite is:

A

none of the above

Amor’s note: I guess plasmodium spp esp P. malaria

58
Q

The coccidian parasite that produces mild intestinal pathology ni humans and forwhich the human is the only definitive host is:

A

cystoisospora belli

59
Q
  1. While examining a fecal specimen, Cystoisospora belli is suspected. The technologist would expect to see:
    a. Cysts (8 to 10 m ) containing sporozoites
    b. Oocysts (25 _ 14 um) that are acid fast
    c. Cysts with red blood cell inclusions
    d. Spores (2 um) that are acid fast
A

b. Oocysts (25 _ 14 um) that are acid fast

60
Q

Material froma gum lesion isstained with trichrome, revealing ameba that have a single nucleus andcontain partiallydigested neutrophils. The most likely identification is:

A

entamoeba gingivalis

61
Q

Concerning Toxoplasma gondi, all of the following are true EXCEPT:

a. Congenital infections can occur
b. Human infection occurs when oocysts are ingested
c. They arediagnosed by serology tests
d. Human infection occurs when sarcocysts are ingested in undercooked meat
e. Domestic cats are definitive hosts

A

d. Human infection occurs when sarcocysts are ingested in undercooked meat

62
Q

Acanthamoeba keratitis isusually associatedwith

A

contaminated lens cleaning solutions

63
Q

Concerning Enterocytozoon bieneusi, all ofthe following are true EXCEPT;
a. it is the most frequent Microsporidium infection found in AIDS patients
b. Infection occurs when sporesareingested
c. Infection occurs when sporesareinhaled
d. Infection occurswhen sporozoites are ingested
e. Infection occurs from blood transfusion

A

d. Infection occurs when sporozoites are ingested

64
Q

The protozoa causing diarrhea that has been associated with raspberries, strawberries, herbs, and some vegetables is:

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

65
Q

blackwater fever is caused by

A

plasmodium falciparum

66
Q

A 48-year-old man was admitted to the hospital after complaining of fever and shortness of breath. Radiographs revealed an enlarged heart and complete blood count smearresults revealed rare C-shaped trypomastigoteforms. The patient was an active military duty years ago in the PanamaCanal zone. The most likely parasite is:

A

tryponosoma cruzi

67
Q

winterbottom sign is associated with

A

trypanosoma brucei gambiense

68
Q

Fecal samples should be washed with saline only because washing withwater will destroy:

A

blastocystis hominis

69
Q

A 25-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a severe headache, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Symptoms began suddenly 2 days after vacationing at a summer cabin situated on an inland lake. A spinal tap revealed a purulent CSF with no bacteria.A motile form resembling a leukocyte was observed on direct examination of the fluid. The most likely causative organism is:

A

naegleria fowleri

70
Q

The parasite that may invadeand multiply in the liver or spleen is:

A

leishmania donovani

71
Q

each of the small ovoid amastigote forms found ni tissue macrophages ofthe liver and spleen in patients with Leishmania donovani infection.

A

l.d body (leishman-donovan body)

72
Q

Malaria parasite with 6 to 12 merozoites in the schizont

A

plasmodium malariae

73
Q

C- or U-shaped body with a large kinetoplast

A

trypanosoma cruzi

74
Q

Large kidneyshaped nucleus

A

balantidum coli

75
Q

Trophozoite ingests red blood cells

A

entamoeba histolytica

76
Q

Large glycogen vacuole

A

iodamoeba butschlii

77
Q

Schizonts not seen in peripheral blood

A

Plasmodium falciparum,
Toxoplasma gondii, Cystoisospora belli

78
Q

pseudocytes in brain

A

toxoplasma gondii

79
Q

Oocysts found in human feces

A

cystoisospora belli

80
Q

Commonly causes relapses of malaria

A

plasmodium vivax

81
Q

tse tse fly

A

tryposoma brucei gambiense

82
Q

Pathogenic intestinal flagellate

A

giardia lamblia

parasitology (4 decks)

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