Second Semester Final

Question 1

regular meetings of UN member nations to express their views and come to an agreement.

Answer 1

General assembly

Question 2

determines the existence of a threat to peace and can take action to enforce peace

Answer 2

Security council

Question 3

Called OCHA, it coordinates responses to emergencies quickly and efficiently.

Answer 3

Office for the Coordination of Human Affairs

Question 4

Called CERF, it is one of the fastest and most effective ways to help people affected by natural disasters and armed conflicts

Answer 4

Central emergency Response Fund

Question 5

Called UNHCR it works to protect and assist refugees and displaced people.

Answer 5

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Question 6

WHO works toward the complete health of all people which is more than just the absence of disease

Answer 6

World Health Organization

Question 7

List the five basic things the UN works on

Answer 7

1. it maintains international security
2. it protects human rights
3. it delivers humanitarian aid
4. it supports sustainable development and climate action
5. it upholds international law
   (I think of it as PEARL: Peace, Earth, Aid, Rights, and Law)

Question 8

List at least eight “new challenges” the UN also focuses on today

Answer 8

ending poverty, gender equality, migration, population, water, ageing, climate change, and decolonization

Question 9

Explain how the UN upholds international law. What is international law and how does the UN manage it?

Answer 9

the UN upholds international law through the international court of justice. International law is the legal responsibilities of nations and their individuals. it also regulates global commons the environment, international waters, space, communications, and trade.

Question 10

Which countries are on the security council?

Answer 10

China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US

Question 11

Can the UN use troops?

Answer 11

It can only use troops if the security council authorizes it.

Question 12

What are some ways besides armed troops the UN can use to keep peace in troubled areas?

Answer 12

It can impose sanctions (like embargos), but mostly it calls upon the parties to settle the dispute through discussion or recommended adjustment

Question 13

List 5 places the UN Peacekeeping troops/missions are currently stationed and what they are doing there.

Answer 13

1. Democratic Republic of the Congo
2. Sudan
3. South Sudan
4. Abyei
5. Afghanistan

Question 14

Program that aimed at advancing China’s economy by using people powers instead of machines

Answer 14

Great Leap Forward

Question 15

average number of years people live in a given area

Answer 15

Life expectancy

Question 16

the average number of children people would give birth to in their lifetime if the birthrate did not change

Answer 16

fertility rate

Question 17

the number of people in a given land area

Answer 17

population density

Question 18

often called “third world,” a country that is undeveloped / economically struggling

Answer 18

Developing country

Question 19

policy introduced in 1979 in China that limited the number of kids a family could have to 1

Answer 19

One Child Policy

Question 20

tensions between Rwanda’s two main ethnic groups, the Hutus and the Tutsis, sparked civil war and in 1994 the Hutus started to systematically kill off three quarters of the Tutsi population

Answer 20

Rwandan Genocide

Question 21

any naturally occurring material that people find useful or valuable

Answer 21

natural recource

Question 22

minerals that are becoming increasingly valuable due to their use in new technologies

Answer 22

Rare Earth Minerals

Question 23

companies with facilities in more than one country that don’t have to abide by the laws of any one country

Answer 23

Multinational corporations

Question 24

Called OPEC, it was formed by the five major oil producers: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Venezuela

Answer 24

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Question 25

Arab countries placed an embargo on the US to punish it for supporting Israel

Answer 25

1973 oil embargo

Question 26

the process of increasing interdependence of the world’s economies

Answer 26

globalization

Question 27

a group formed by countries within a geographical area with the goal of eliminating taxes on trade goods and allowing the free movement of labor and capitol among its members

Answer 27

common market

Question 28

under this, the US, Mexico, and Canada agreed to create their own common market

Answer 28

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Question 29

an international organization run by more than 150 nations with the goal of reducing trade barriers.

Answer 29

World Trade Organization

Question 30

the theory that, in international trade, countries should specialize in the goods that they are most efficient at producing

Answer 30

comparative advantage

Question 31

BRIC, the four countries which, in the beginning, contributed raw materials and little else to the world economy, but now have the potential to be very powerful.

Answer 31

Brazil, Russia, India, and China

Question 32

the sending abroad of jobs from developed to less developed countries

Answer 32

outsourcing

Question 33

in 1975 after years of civil war Cambodia was taken over by the Khmer Rouge. they sent most of the urban population to work in the fields where many died from starvation or exhaustion. a genocide followed which killed 1.5 million

Answer 33

Cambodian Genocide

Question 34

radical communist political group that kindled the Cambodian genocide

Answer 34

Khmer Rouge

Question 35

in 1946 Bosnia became a province of Yugoslavia. tensions heightened between the Serb, Croat, and Muslim ethnic groups, and a war began in 1992 in which the Serbs tried to force all the Muslims out

Answer 35

Ethnic cleansing in bosnia

Question 36

the mastermind of the 9/11 attacks

Answer 36

Osama Bin Laden

Question 37

the 9/11 attacks had been based in Afghanistan so the US led an invasion. ten years later Osama Bin Laden was finally located and killed

Answer 37

invasion of Afghanistan

Question 38

terrorist organization that was the root of the 9/11 attacks

Answer 38

al queda

Question 39

the US had info to believe that Iraq was stockpiling WMD so they invaded to destroy them

Answer 39

Invasion of Iraq

Question 40

iraqi leader who was believed to be stockpiling weapons

Answer 40

Saddam Hussein

Question 41

WMD

Answer 41

Weapons of Mas Destruction

Question 42

name for the popular upheavals that swept Arab countries of north Africa and the middle east in 2011

Answer 42

Arab spring

Question 43

Explain the different population challenges of Rwanda and Japan. How is each country trying to remedy their challenges?

Answer 43

In Japan, there are not enough young people to take care of the old, so they are encouraging people to have more kids and increasing the retirement age. In Rwanda, because of the genocide, many people had many kids, so there are too many people the government is providing programs to help freely and responsibly limit family size

Question 44

While gold has always been valuable, what are two types of resources that are increasing dramatically in value in recent years, and why?

Answer 44

Renewable and flow resources have become a lot more important in our economy. This is because they will not run out and/or do not harm our environment. These qualities are necessary so that we do not harm our future selves. Plus, Rare Earth Minerals have become a necessity in our economy due to their use in modern technology.

Question 45

Imagine the nations of the world want to profoundly increase cleaner energy technology. Which nations may be needed to provide many of the raw materials needed for this?

Answer 45

the main three types of clean energy are solar, hydroelectric, and wind. This would mean that nations with a lot of sun should provide solar, nations with big rivers should provide hydroelectric, and windy nations would provide wind. most importantly we need to stop burning coal and oil so we aren’t releasing greenhouse gases.

Question 46

what are some problems that are developing now that can grow into bigger conflicts that go beyond borders?

Answer 46

water is a huge and very important resource. Rivers often flow through multiple countries. if one country that’s upstream of another is polluting or using all of the water that the other needs, it’s a problem. Another developing issue is how we need to come to an agreement on what to do about climate change.