Coastal Management

Question 1

What are SMPs?

Answer 1

management plans for coastal areas which are determined by sediment cells, not political boundaries. they include 4 main ‘tactics’ and consider a variety of time scales

Question 2

What are the 4 main things SMPs can choose to do?

Answer 2

• advance the line
• hold the line
• managed retreat
• do nothing

Question 3

What are 3 positives of using SMPs in coastal management?

Answer 3

• continually reviewed and updated
• localised so consider issues in the area
• EA funding - used effectively?
• up to 100 years in advance

Question 4

What are 3 disadvantages of using SMPs in coastal management?

Answer 4

• funding reduced since 2010
• potential conflicts between stakeholders
• environmentally sustainability questionable if only holding the line

Question 5

What is ICZM?

Answer 5

A holistic, integrated approach to management that considers all stakeholders involved in activities at the coast

Question 6

What is an advantage of using ICZM to manage coasts?

Answer 6

• it considers all stakeholders
• sectoral approach often undermined, this is not the case with ICZM

Question 7

What are the main aims of coastal management?

Answer 7

• preparation and mitigation of flood risk
• limiting coastal erosion

Question 8

What is hard engineering?

Answer 8

techniques which work against nature, have huge impacts on natural processes

Question 9

What is soft engineering?

Answer 9

working alongside natural processes, have less impacts on these

Question 10

Why are sea walls good?

Answer 10

they dissipate wave energy and act as a barrier to flooding. They also could provide social opportunities (tourist, promenade etc.)

Question 11

What is a disadvantage of revetments?

Answer 11

ruin appearance, reduce number of social oportunities

Question 12

What is a disadvantage of groynes?

Answer 12

increase erosion further down the coast

Question 13

What is an example of coastal management in Poole Bay?

Answer 13

• 375m sea wall, raised 300mm; to provide defence until 2060
• Canford Cliffs stabilisation 2020-2021
• Beach nourishment 2020-2021
• 52 new groynes

Question 14

How much damage does the management of Poole bay/holes bay prevent?

Answer 14

it is estimated that it stops £161mn in damage over the next 100yrs

Question 15

What is a disadvantage of beach nourishment?

Answer 15

needs continual maintenance

Question 16

What are the advantages of beach nourishment?

Answer 16

• cheap
• looks natural
• tourism

Question 17

What is cliff regrading?

Answer 17

reducing the angle of the cliff to help stabilise it,
causes retreat however is effective on rocks such as clay

Question 18

What are the positives of dune stabilisation?

Answer 18

• biodiversity
• looks natural
• cheap and sustainable

Question 19

What are the negatives of dune stabilisation?

Answer 19

• time consuming
• restricted access

Question 20

When and where was the concept of ICZM introduced?

Answer 20

Rio’s Earth Summit, 1997 (global governance!!!!)

Question 21

When was ICZM reviewed and changed?

Answer 21

2013, Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) introduced, where land use is mapped out

Question 22

What are the disadvantages of ICZM?

Answer 22

• lack of funding
• too many stakeholders?
• lack of knowledge from local authorities

Question 23

Where is an example of Gabions?

Answer 23

Skipsea (Holderness)