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s2: radt 111 fundamentals > Test 1 C11-16 (Bush) 20-23 (C&A) > Flashcards

Test 1 C11-16 (Bush) 20-23 (C&A) Flashcards

1
Q

A CD, DVD, hard drive, flash drive, or cloud-based is used to _____________.

A

archive files

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2
Q

The _____ represents zero or one.

A

bit

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3
Q

In computer language, a byte is _________.

A

8 bits

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4
Q

MAC-OS and Windows are two different __________ systems.

A

operating

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5
Q

A computer first uses its ________________ program when it is turned on.

A

bootstrap

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6
Q

What is the form of radiology that allows for the transfer of images to remote sites for interpretation?

A

teleradiology

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7
Q

T or F: Word, Excel, iTunes, and Spider Solitaire are application programs.

A

true

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8
Q

T of F: In computer language a single binary digit, 0 or 1, is called a byte.

A

false

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9
Q

Computed radiography screens respond to radiation with ______________________.

A

photostimulable luminescence

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10
Q

A photostimulable phosphor in a metastable state will emit light ________________.

A

immediately, when stimulated by light, and over time

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11
Q

The computed radiography cassette is called a(n) ______________ receptor.

A

imaging

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12
Q

The four steps of creating an image with computed radiography are ______________.

A

metastable state, stimulate, read, and erase

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13
Q

The output signal from the photostimulable phosphor plate is converted from analog to digital by the ________________.

A

computer controls

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14
Q

The principal source of noise in computed radiography is ____________________.

A

scatter radiation

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15
Q

The computed radiography image has _____________________.

A

wide exposure latitude and improved contrast resolution

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16
Q

The laser beam must be less than 100 µm in diameter in order to maintain ________.

A

high spatial resolution

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17
Q

_____________ is prevented by flooding the erased imaging plate with bright light.

A

ghosting

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18
Q

T or F: IPs should be used soon after the erase cycle has been completed.

A

true

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19
Q

Digital radiography is best described by which three elements?

A

Capture, coupling, and collection

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20
Q

In digital radiography, the visible image results when the _______________ is scanned by a laser beam.

A

pixel detector

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21
Q

In digital radiography, the brightness of the image is determined by _______________.

A

pixel values

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22
Q

In CR, the capture element is the _____________.

A

photostimulable phosphor (PSP)

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23
Q

What is the most recent development in digital radiography image receptors?

A

Direct capture solid state devices

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24
Q

In digital radiography, spatial resolution is improved with increased _____________.

A

matrix size

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25
Q

The dynamic range determines the degree of __________________ in the image.

A

contrast resolution

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26
Q

Spatial resolution is determined by the ratio of ________________ to ____________.

A

field of view; matrix size

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27
Q

One advantage of DR over scanned projection radiography is __________________________.

A

shorter exposure time

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28
Q

T or F: Digital radiography is best described by three elements—capture, archiving, and storage.

A

false

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29
Q

T or F: CsI/CCD is an indirect DR process by which x-rays are converted first to light and then to an electronic signal.

A

true

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30
Q

T or F: CsI/a-Si is an indirect DR process by which x-rays are converted first to light and then to an electronic signal.

A

true

31
Q

T or F: Spatial resolution in DR is pixel unlimited.

A

false

32
Q

The two principal characteristics of a medical image are _______________________.

A

spatial resolution and contrast resolution

33
Q

Spatial frequency is used to describe the quality of spatial resolution in terms of _____________.

A

line pairs

34
Q

In digital imaging, spatial resolution is ultimately limited by ___________________.

A

pixel size

35
Q

As spatial frequency increases, the object size _____ and the spatial resolution _____.

A

decreases; increases

36
Q

If there were such thing as a perfect imaging system, the MTF would be equal to ________.

A

one

37
Q

A _______________ test tool is used to acquire data for an MTF curve.

A

bar pattern

38
Q

The human visual system can distinguish ________ shades of gray.

A

30

39
Q

The number of gray shades that an imaging system can reproduce is called its ________________.

A

dynamic range

40
Q

The bit capacity of each pixel identifies the ___________ of a digital imaging system.

A

dynamic range

41
Q

The ________________ digital imaging system uses the highest dynamic range.

A

mammography

42
Q

The portion of useful image-forming x-rays is referred to as the ___________.

A

signal

43
Q

Recent studies have shown that denser breast tissue is best imaged with _____________________.

A

digital mammography

44
Q

As mAs is increased the signal-to-noise ratio is ____________.

A

increased

45
Q

Image detail is also called _______________________.

A

spatial resolution

46
Q

Of all radiographic imaging systems, _____________ has the best contrast resolution.

A

computed tomography

47
Q

It is __________of the scope of practice of a radiologic technologist to use post-exposure shuttering, cropping, electronic collimation or electronic masking to eliminate any anatomical information.

A

outside

48
Q

any part of the radiographic image that is not part of the signal is known as what?

A

noise

49
Q

What are the prime exposure factors?

A

kVp, mAs, and SID

50
Q

Changes in kVp affect all of the following, except _______________.

A

number of electrons boiled off the filament

51
Q

An increase in mAs causes ______________ in beam quality and ___________ in beam intensity.

A

no change; an increase

52
Q

There is a direct relationship between the quantity of x-rays and the _______________.

A

milliamperage

53
Q

If mAs is increased from 20 mAs to 40 mAs, the patient dose will _____________.

A

be doubled

54
Q

Beam penetrability is increased if ________ is/are increased.

A

kVp

55
Q

At least a _____% change in mAs is necessary to produce a visible change in the image.

A

30

56
Q

Patient thickness should be measured with the _______.

A

caliper

57
Q

The small focal spot will provide a _______.

A

finer detail of image

58
Q

Added filtration has the effect of __________ the beam quality and ________ patient dose.

A

increasing; reducing

59
Q

List the following tissues in order from the most radiolucent to the most radiopaque.

A

lung, fat, muscle, bone

60
Q

Which medical condition may require a lower technique?

A

emphysema

61
Q

When only the intensity needs to be changed, only the _______ should be adjusted.

A

mAs

62
Q

Sharpness of detail can be improved by increasing _________.

A

SID

63
Q

Foreshortening is caused by a(n) _________________________________.

A

angled body part when the beam is perpendicular to the image receptor

64
Q

With automatic exposure techniques the exposure is terminated when the optimum _____ is reached.

A

OD (optical density)

65
Q

Patient factors include ___________________.

A

anatomical thickness and body composition

66
Q

Which body habitus indicates an average patient?

A

sthenic

67
Q

Patient thickness affects radiographic technique by affecting ____________.

A

mAs and kVp settings

68
Q

A high quality radiographic image should always demonstrate ____________.

A

structures and tissues

69
Q

_________ is defined as the ability to image two separate objects and visually detect one from the other.

A

Resolution

70
Q

What is the formula for the magnification factor?

A

MF = (SID/SOD)

71
Q

Subject contrast is affected by ___________.

A

patient thickness

72
Q

T or F: Radiographic technique charts embedded in the operating console are based on hypersthenic patients.

A

false

73
Q

T or F: Patient thickness should not be guessed.

A

true

74
Q

T or F: Foreshortening of the image is when the anatomical part appears smaller than normal.

A

true

s2: radt 111 fundamentals (15 decks)

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