Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Question 1

Movement

Answer 1

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place.

Question 2

Respiration

Answer 2

chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

Question 3

Sensitivity

Answer 3

ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and make appropriate responses

Question 4

Reproduction

Answer 4

processes that make more of the same kind of organism.

Question 5

Excretion

Answer 5

removal of metabolic wastes, toxic substances, and substances in excess of requirements from the body.

Question 6

Nutrition

Answer 6

taking in of materials for energy, growth and development.

Question 7

Organisms can be classified into groups by

Answer 7

the features that they share.

Question 8

Species

Answer 8

group of organisms that can interbreed among themselves and produce fertile offsprings

Question 9

Binomial system

Answer 9

of naming species is an internationally agreed system in which the the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and
species.

Question 10

Classification systems aim to

Answer 10

reflect evolutionary relationships.

Question 11

The sequences of bases in DNA are used as a

Answer 11

means of classification.

Question 12

Groups of organisms that share a more recent ancestor (are more closely related)
have

Answer 12

base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a
distant ancestor.

Question 13

5 kingdoms

Answer 13

animal , plants , fungus, protocist, prokaryote

Question 14

Animal kingdom

Answer 14

Their cells have a nucleus, but no cell walls or chloroplasts.
They feed on organic substances made by other living organisms.

Question 15

Plant kingdom

Answer 15

Their cells have a nucleus and cell walls made of cellulose and often contain chloroplasts.
They feed by photosynthesis.
They may have roots, stems, and leaves (but some plants do not have these organs).

Question 16

Fungus

Answer 16

They are usually multicellular (many-celled), but some such as yeast are unicellular (single-celled).
They have nuclei and cell walls, but the walls are not made of cellulose.
They do not have chlorophyll.
They feed by digesting waste organic material and absorbing it into their cells.

Question 17

Protoctista

Answer 17

They are multicellular or unicellular.
Their cells have a nucleus and may or may not have a cell wall and chloroplasts.
Some feed by photosynthesis and others feed on organic substances made by other organisms.

Question 18

Prokaryote

Answer 18

They are usually unicellular (single-celled).
They have no nucleus.
They have cell walls, not made of cellulose.
They have no mitochondria.
They have a circular loop of DNA, which is free in the cytoplasm.
They often have plasmids.

Question 19

Vertebrates are animals that

Answer 19

have a backbone:
examples: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

Question 20

fish

Answer 20

They are vertebrates with scaly skin.
They have gills throughout their life.
They have fins.
Their eggs have no shells and are laid in water.

Question 21

Amphibians

Answer 21

They are vertebrates with skin with no scales.
Their eggs have no shells and are laid in water.
The tadpoles live in water, but adults often live on land.
The tadpoles have gills for gas exchange, but adults have lungs.

Question 22

Reptiles

Answer 22

They are vertebrates with scaly skin.
They lay eggs with soft shells on land.

Question 23

Birds

Answer 23

They have feathers (and also sometimes a few scales).
They have a beak.
Their front two limbs are wings (though not all birds can fly).
They lay eggs with hard shells.

Question 24

Mammals

Answer 24

They have hair on their skin.
Their young develop in a uterus, attached to the mother by a placenta.
The females have mammary glands, which produce milk to feed their young.
They have different kinds of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars and molars).
They have a pinna (ear flap) on the outside of the body.
They have sweat glands in the skin.
They have a diaphragm.

Question 25

Arthropods are animals that have

Answer 25

joined legs and no backbone

Question 26

arthropods examples

Answer 26

insects, crustaceans,arachnids, myriapods

Question 27

Insects

Answer 27

They are arthropods with three pairs of jointed legs.
They have two pairs of wings (one or both may be vestigial).
They have one pair of antennae.
Their body is divided into a head, thorax and abdomen.
They breathe through tubes called tracheae.

Question 28

Crustaceans

Answer 28

They are arthropods with more than four pairs of jointed legs.
They have two pairs of antennae.

Question 29

Arachnids

Answer 29

They are arthropods with four pairs of jointed legs.
They have no antennae.
Their body is divided into two parts – a cephalothorax and abdomen.

Question 30

Myriapods

Answer 30

Their body consists of many similar segments.
Each of their body segments has jointed legs.
They have one pair of antennae.

Question 31

Ferns

Answer 31

They are plants with roots, stems and leaves (fronds).
They do not produce flowers.
They reproduce by spores produced on the undersides of their fronds.

Question 32

Flowering plants

Answer 32

They are plants with roots, stems and leaves.
They reproduce using flowers and seeds.
Their seeds are produced inside an ovary, in the flower

Question 33

Characteristic features of dicots:

Answer 33

They have seeds with two cotyledons.
They usually have a main root with side roots coming out from it.
Their leaves have a network of veins.
They have flower parts (e.g. petals) in multiples of four or five.
They have vascular bundles in the stem, arranged in a ring

Question 34

Characteristic features of monocots:

Answer 34

They have seeds with one cotyledon.
Their roots grow out directly from the stem.
Their leaves have parallel veins.
They have flower parts in multiples of three.
They have vascular bundles in the stem, arranged randomly.

Question 35

growth

Answer 35

permanent increase in size and dry mass usually caused by an increase in cell size, cell number or both