ECG

Question 1

Which leads tell you the cardiac axis?

Answer 1

I and aVF

Question 2

What findings suggest normal cardiac axis?

Answer 2

I and aVF positive

Question 3

What findings suggest left axis deviation?

Answer 3

I positive, aVF negative

Question 4

What findings suggest right axis deviation?

Answer 4

aVF positive, I negative

Question 5

Give causes of right axis deviation.

Answer 5

RVH, Acute Rh strain (eg PE), COPD/pulm HTN, hyperkalaemia

Question 6

Give causes of left axis deviation.

Answer 6

LVH, LBBB, inferior MI

Question 7

Which coronary artery is most likely affected in a lateral MI?

Answer 7

LCA

Question 8

Which coronary artery is most likely affected in an anterior/septal MI?

Answer 8

LAD

Question 9

Which coronary artery is most likely affected in an inferiorl MI?

Answer 9

RCA or left circumflex

Question 10

Give ECG findings suggestive of myocardial ischaemia.

Answer 10

TWI
ST elevation/depression
Pathological Q eaves
New LBBB

Question 11

When are T waves considered inverted?

Answer 11

TWI at least 1mm deep in 2 or more continuous leads

Question 12

When is ST depression considered significant?

Answer 12

> 2mm

Question 13

When is ST elevation considered significant?

Answer 13

1mm in limb lead or 2mm in precordial lead

Question 14

Which ECG findings are suggestive of LBBB?

Answer 14

W in V1, M in V6

Question 15

Which ECG findings are suggestive of RBBB?

Answer 15

M in V1, W in V6

Question 16

Give causes of LBBB

Answer 16

Aortic stenosis, MI, Digoxin, HyperK

Question 17

Give causes of RBBB

Answer 17

RVH, PE, IHD, congenital

Question 18

What is a normal PR interval?

Answer 18

0.12 to 0.2 s (up to one large box)

Question 19

What is a normal QRS interval?

Answer 19

< 0.1 s