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Boards Prep > Oral Radio (Mental Dental) > Flashcards

Oral Radio (Mental Dental) Flashcards

1
Q

What dissipates heat in tubehead of xray machine?

A

Copper

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2
Q

How xray beam weakens as it travels through matter

A

Attenuation

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3
Q

Atomic nuclei or subatomic particles moving at high velocity
Alpha and beta particles from radioactive decay are examples

A

Particulate radiation

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4
Q

Movement of energy as a combination of electrical and magnetic fields
SHorter wavelength= higher energy

A

Electromagnetic radiation

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5
Q

_____ xray production
Primary source of x-ray photons
Electron stikes a target and brakes giving off energy
Generates continuous specturm of energy

A

Bremsstrahlung radiation

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6
Q

____ xray production
Secondary source of xray photons
Electron accidentally knock into another electron and drops into a lower energy orbital
Emits a photon of specific energy

A

Characteristic xray production

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7
Q

_______
-tungsten filament that produces electrons
Molybdenum focusing cp focuses beam onto small focal spot

A

Cathode (negative)

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8
Q

_____
-Tungsten target that converts electrons to xray photons
Copper stem dissipates heat

A

Anode

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9
Q

Does x radiation begin at cathode or anode?

A

Cathode to anode

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10
Q

What does the glass in the xray tube do?

A

Insulation

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11
Q

What does aluminum do in the xray tube?

A

Filtration

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12
Q

What does lead in the xray tube do?

A

Collimation

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13
Q

_____
-Quality of electrons
Number of photons
Density: darkness of image

A

Intensity

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14
Q

______
-Quality of electrons
Energy of photons
Contrast: difference among gray values

A

Energy

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15
Q

DOes exposure time affect intensity or energy?

A

INtensity

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16
Q

What setting of xrays is most frequently changed?

A

Exposure time

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17
Q

Does tube current affect intesnity or energy?

A

INtensity

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18
Q

Does tube potential (kVp) affect intensity or energy?

A

Both

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19
Q

Involves aluminum
Removes lower energy photons from the beam to reduce exposure
Conceptually similar to beam hardening

A

Filtration

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20
Q

Involves lead
Reduces beam size to reduce pt exposure
Rectangular collimation is best method to reduce radiation dose

A

Collimation

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21
Q

What is the best method to reduce radiation dose to pt?

A

Rectangular collimation

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22
Q

To get a sharper image and less magnification, how do you position source and receptor?

A

Longer PID, close receptor

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23
Q

_____ is the shadow behind an image
-Clear portion of the xray

A

Umbra

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24
Q

_____ is the side shadow
-More blurry image

A

Penumbra

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25
Q

Do you want focal spot size to be larger or smaller to create a sharper image

A

Smaller

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26
Q

Do you want source to object distance to be longer or shorter to create a sharper image?

A

Longer

27
Q

Do you want object to image distance to be longer or shorter for a sharper image?

A

Shorter

28
Q

IF you increase exposure time, how is density and energy affected?

A

INcreased density (darkness)

29
Q

If you increase mA, how are density and energy affected?

A

Density increased

30
Q

If you increase kVp, how are density and contrast affected?

A

INcreased density; decreased contraact

31
Q

If you increase filter, how are density and contrast affected?

A

Decreased density(lighter); increased contrast

32
Q

If you increase distance, how are density and energy affected?

A

decreased density (lighter)

33
Q

Incident photon contacts an outer electron
Decreases energy
About 8% of interactions in a dental x-ray beam

A

Coherent scattering

34
Q

INcident photon contacts an inner electron and forms an ion pair
Increases contrast
About 30% of interactions in a dental x-ray beam

A

Photoelectric absorption

35
Q

Incident photon contacts an outer electron and forms ion pair
Decreases contrast
About 62% of interactions in a dental xray beam

A

Compton scattering

36
Q

______
Energy procduced by xray tuve
Measured in Roentgen

A

Exposure

37
Q

Energy abosrbed in tissue
MEasrued in Gray

A

Absorbed dose

38
Q

Energy absorbed in tissue multiplied by radiation weighting factor
Measured in Sieverts

A

Equivalent dose

39
Q

Energy absorbed in tissue multiplied by tissue weighting factor
Measured in Sievert

A

Effective dose

40
Q

___ effects
Threshold dose must be achieved before any effects will be seen
-Hair loss, cataracts, skin damage, oral mucosisits
Not seen in dental xrays

A

Deterministic effects

41
Q

____ effects
Linear no threshold model: there is no threshold dose

A

Stochastic effects

42
Q

DIrect or indirect radiation: accounts for 1/3 of biologic effects

A

Direct

43
Q

DIrect or indirect radiation: accounts for 2/3 of biologic effects

A

Indirect

44
Q

T/F: Cells that are mitotically active are more radiosensitive

A

Tru

45
Q

What is the occupational exposure limit of radiaition?

A

50 mSv / yr

46
Q

Is there more or less radiation with digital radiographs?

A

Less radiation

47
Q

_____ is in developer solution and is first electron donor that reduces silver ions to metallic silver at latent image site

A

Phenidone

48
Q

_____ in delveloper solution provides an electron to reduce oxidized phenidone to original active state

A

Hydroquinone

49
Q

____ is part of xray film with silver halide crystals in a gelatin material

A

Film emulsion

50
Q

____ is the main portion of the fixer solution that acts as a cleaning agent, removes undeveloped silver halide crystals

A

Ammonium thiosulfate

51
Q

Barium fluorohalide plates capture and store x-ray energy from dental exposure

A

PSP

52
Q

SIlicon sensor chips captures xray and rapidly displays image on monitor

A

CCD/ CMOS

53
Q

Angled PA ceph of skull
Best film of paranasal sciences

A

Water’s view

54
Q

Angled PA ceph of skull
Best film to visualize condyles

A

Towne’s view

55
Q

Base projection of skull
Best film to visualize basilar skull and zygomatic fractures

A

Submentovertex view

56
Q

Central rsy of xray beam aimed perpendicular to the imaginary bisector between long axis of tooth and long axis of receptor

A

Bisecting angle technique

57
Q

REceptor is placed parallel to long axis of tooth
Central ray of xray beam aimed perpendicular to long axis of both tooth and receptor

A

Paralleling technique

58
Q

What is the most common error in radiology?

A

Elongation

59
Q

INcreased radiographic density is caused by which of the following?
Decreased kVp
Decreased mA
Decreased targetobject distance
Increased object-image distance

A

Decreased target-object distance

60
Q

If an unwrapped xray film is exposed to ambient light for a second and then processed it _____
Will be darker than normal
Will be lighter than normal
Completely black
completely clear

A

Completely black

61
Q

Which dental tissue is most likely to interact with xrays via photoelectric absorption?

A

Enamel: densest tissue

62
Q

Which of the following is the most radiosensitive type of cell?
Skeletal muscle fiber
Endothelial cell
Neuron
Macrophage
Basal epithelial cell

A

Basal epithelial cells (stem cells constantly dividing)

63
Q

Which of the following influences the mean energy of xray beam?
mA
Exposure time
Amount of filtration
Collimation

A

Amount of filtration

Boards Prep (21 decks)

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